{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T07:45:16Z","timestamp":1769240716112,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Consilium Medicum","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,15]],"date-time":"2016-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476489600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Terapevticheskii arkhiv"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in a patient allows him to be assigned to a group at high risk for atherosclerosis, cardiovascular events, coronary heart disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, MS negatively affects not only the heart and vessels, but also kidney function, which leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD). MS is pathogenetically associated with CKD and is an independent prognostic factor of the development of the latter, namely, the involvement of the kidney frequently determines prognosis and quality of life in these patients. The paper gives a modern view on the concept of MS and CKD and considers its main diagnostic criteria, etiology, and pathogenesis. The study of the relationships between MS and CKD may suggest that the high prevalence of kidney dysfunction in the general population is largely determined by metabolic nephropathies, including obesity-related nephropathy. The identification of risk factors and poor prognostic markers in this category of patients seems to be extremely important for the early diagnosis of the disease and their timely elimination is one of the main approaches to the comprehensive prevention of CKD in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.17116\/terarkh201688693-98","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,26]],"date-time":"2016-10-26T13:22:33Z","timestamp":1477488153000},"page":"93-98","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Obesity in metabolic syndrome, as well as kidney dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.26442","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"I A","family":"Sadulaeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu A","family":"Vasyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O S","family":"Trofimenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E N","family":"Yushchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S V","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E Yu","family":"Shupenina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E A","family":"Nesterova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"18344","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"\u041c\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0438\u043d \u0412.\u0418. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c. \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. \u041c.; 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Metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in Okinawa. Japan. 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\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430. 2004;3:94-99."},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"\u041c\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u0421.\u0412., \u0424\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d \u0412.\u0412. \u0421\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c. \u041a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u044f. 2004;4:70-74."},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"\u0413\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0415.\u042e., \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041c.\u0421, \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0410.\u0412., \u0410\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415.\u0421., \u0428\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0415.\u041c., \u0428\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0421.\u0411. \u0412\u0435\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441 \u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c: \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432. 2010;6:49-53."},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"\u041a\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041c.\u0424. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c: \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u042d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u044f. \u042d\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f. 2013;6(55):52-63. \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e: http:\/\/umedp.ru\/"},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415.\u0410., \u041c\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u0421.\u0412., \u0424\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d \u0412.\u0412., \u041d\u0435\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0430. 2005;4:9-14."},{"key":"ref32","unstructured":"\u0410\u0440\u0443\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0413.\u041f., \u041e\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041b.\u0413. \u0413\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c. \u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0438. 2009;1:66-70."},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"\u041a\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0416.\u0414., \u041c\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u0412.\u0421. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438. \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430. 2008;4:4-7."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/13816128113199990013"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/534320"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041c.\u041c., \u0421\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415.\u0410., \u0413\u0430\u043b\u043b\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u041c.\u0413., \u0415\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041d.\u0412., \u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0410.\u0412., \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u041c.\u0412., \u0424\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d \u0412.\u0412., \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0438\u043d \u041d.\u0410. \u0412\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u041a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f. 2011;1:30-34."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2009.00205.x"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041c.\u041c., \u0424\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d \u0412.\u0412., \u041b\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u041c.\u0412., \u0421\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043d \u042e.\u0414., \u0421\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415.\u0410., \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415.\u0413., \u0413\u0430\u043b\u043b\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u041c.\u0413., \u041c\u0443\u0445\u0438\u043d \u041d.\u0410. \u0412\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043f\u043d\u043e\u044d \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432. 2010;6:35-39."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr252"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415.\u0410., \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0415.\u042e., \u041a\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0418.\u041c., \u0424\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d \u0412.\u0412. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438: \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b. \u0412\u0440\u0430\u0447. 2005;6:5-7."},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"\u0428\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0415.\u041c., \u041b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0415.\u0418., \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041c.\u0421. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043a \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c. \u041a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f. 2012;2:72-76."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bigazzi R, Bianchi S, Baldari D, Campese VM. Microalbuminuria predicts cardiovascular events and renal insufficiency in patients with essential hypertension. J Hypertens. 1998;16:1325-1333.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199816090-00014"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.17.1933"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonnet F, Marre M, Halimi JM, Stengel B, Lange C, Laville M, Tichet J, Balkau B. Waist circumference and the metabolic syndrome predict the development of elevated albuminuria in non-diabetic subjects: the DESIR Study. J Hypertens. 2006;24(6):1157-1163.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000226206.03560.ac"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2014.47"},{"key":"ref46","unstructured":"\u0410\u0440\u0443\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0413.\u041f., \u041e\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041b.\u0413. \u0421\u0443\u0431\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0438: \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0443\u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u043a\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0446\u0435. 2010;6(56):345-349."},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"\u041a\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0416.\u0414., \u041a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u042e.\u0412. \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0425\u0425\u0406 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435: \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b. (2-\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435). \u041c.: \u0411\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430; 2015."},{"key":"ref48","unstructured":"\u0410\u0440\u0443\u0442\u044e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0413.\u041f., \u041e\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041b.\u0413. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435. \u041a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f. 2009;1:29-40."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomaszewski M, Charchar FJ, Maric C, McClure J, Crawford L, Grzeszczak W, Sattar N, Zukowska-Szczechowska E, Dominiczak AF. Glomerular hyperfiltration: a new marker of metabolic risk. 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