{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T13:46:46Z","timestamp":1785160006843,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]],"date-time":"2020-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CHL-126317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CHL-126317"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MOP-106694"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-106694"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["HOA-80072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HOA-80072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Fonds de Recherche Sante du Qu\u00e9bec","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"Institute for Health and Social Policy of McGill University","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-020-00310-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,14]],"date-time":"2020-03-14T11:02:48Z","timestamp":1584183768000},"page":"594-605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The influence of low social support and living alone on premature mortality among aging Canadians"],"prefix":"10.17269","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9833-7792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly Ann","family":"Renwick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Sanmartin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaberi","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Berrang-Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"310_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh020","volume":"159","author":"LF Berkman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Berkman, L. F., Melchior, M., Chastang, J.-F., Niedhammer, I., Leclerc, A., & Goldberg, M. (2004). Social integration and mortality: a prospective study of French employees of Electricity of France\u2013Gas of France The GAZEL Cohort. American Journal of Epidemiology, 159(2), 167\u2013174.","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"310_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-172X.2009.01754.x","volume":"15","author":"A Birkeland","year":"2009","unstructured":"Birkeland, A., & Natvig, G. K. (2009). Coping with ageing and failing health: a qualitative study among elderly living alone. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 15(4), 257\u2013264.","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing Practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"310_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaging.2011.03.012","volume":"25","author":"D Cloutier-Fisher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cloutier-Fisher, D., Kobayashi, K., & Smith, A. (2011). The subjective dimension of social isolation: a qualitative investigation of older adults\u2019 experiences in small social support networks. Journal of Aging Studies, 25(4), 407\u2013414.","journal-title":"Journal of Aging Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"310_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/workar\/waw003","volume":"2","author":"J Curtis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Curtis, J., & McMullin, J. (2016). Older workers and the diminishing return of employment: changes in age-based income inequality in Canada, 1996\u20132011. Work, Aging and Retirement, 2(3), 359\u2013371.","journal-title":"Work, Aging and Retirement"},{"issue":"3","key":"310_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0116731","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116731","volume":"10","author":"L Ellwardt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ellwardt, L., van Tilburg, T., Aartsen, M., Wittek, R., & Steverink, N. (2015). Personal networks and mortality risk in older adults: a twenty-year longitudinal study. PLoS One, 10(3), e0116731.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"310_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1300\/J074v16n03_02","volume":"16","author":"K Gustavson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gustavson, K., & Lee, C. D. (2004). Alone and content: frail seniors living in their own home compared to those who live with others. Journal of Women & Aging, 16(3\u20134), 3\u201318.","journal-title":"Journal of Women & Aging"},{"issue":"1","key":"310_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9717-2","volume":"20","author":"A Hawton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hawton, A., Green, C., Dickens, A. P., Richards, S. H., Taylor, R. S., Edwards, R., Greaves, C. J., & Campbell, J. L. (2011). The impact of social isolation on the health status and health-related quality of life of older people. Quality of Life Research, 20(1), 57\u201367.","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"310_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000316","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000316","volume":"7","author":"J Holt-Lunstad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., & Bradley Layton, J. (2010). Social relationships and mortality risk: a meta-analytic review. PLoS Medicine, 7(7), e1000316.","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"310_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352","volume":"10","author":"J Holt-Lunstad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., & Stephenson, D. (2015). Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(2), 227\u2013237.","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"key":"310_CR10","unstructured":"Hoover, M., Rotermann, M., Sanmartin, C., & Bernier, J. (2013). Validation of an index to estimate the prevalence of frailty among community-dwelling seniors. Health Reports, 24(9), 10\u201317."},{"issue":"1","key":"310_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-011-9830-9","volume":"107","author":"P Kitchen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kitchen, P., Williams, A., & Chowhan, J. (2012). Sense of community belonging and health in Canada: a regional analysis. Social Indicators Research, 107(1), 103\u2013126.","journal-title":"Social Indicators Research"},{"key":"310_CR12","volume-title":"Going solo : the extraordinary rise and surprising appeal of living alone","author":"E Klinenberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Klinenberg, E. (2012). Going solo : the extraordinary rise and surprising appeal of living alone. New York: Penguin Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"310_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S147","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/61.3.S147","volume":"61","author":"T-M Lyyra","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lyyra, T.-M., & Heikkinen, R.-L. (2006). Perceived social support and mortality in older people. The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61(3), S147\u2013S152.","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"310_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afr031","volume":"40","author":"M McCann","year":"2011","unstructured":"McCann, M., Donnelly, M., & O'Reilly, D. (2011). Living arrangements, relationship to people in the household and admission to care homes for older people. Age and Ageing, 40(3), 358\u2013363.","journal-title":"Age and Ageing"},{"issue":"1","key":"310_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1521\/suli.2007.37.1.89","volume":"37","author":"S McLaren","year":"2007","unstructured":"McLaren, S., Gomez, R., Bailey, M., & Van Der Horst, R. K. (2007). The association of depression and sense of belonging with suicidal ideation among older adults: applicability of resiliency models. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 37(1), 89\u2013102.","journal-title":"Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"310_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-0064.2001.tb01179.x","volume":"45","author":"E Moore","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moore, E., & Rosenberg, M. (2001). Canada's elderly population: The challenges of diversity. The Canadian Geographer\/Le G\u00e9ographe canadien, 45(1), 145\u2013150.","journal-title":"The Canadian Geographer\/Le G\u00e9ographe canadien"},{"key":"310_CR17","unstructured":"Organization for Economic Development. (2016). Poverty rate. accessed October 17. https:\/\/data.oecd.org\/inequality\/poverty-rate.htm. Accessed 3 Nov 2017."},{"issue":"6","key":"310_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009305","volume":"146","author":"BW Penninx","year":"1997","unstructured":"Penninx, B. W., van Tilburg, T., Kriegsman, D. M., Deeg, D. J., Boeke, A. J., & van Eijk, J. T. (1997). Effects of social support and personal coping resources on mortality in older age: the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. American Journal of Epidemiology, 146(6), 510\u2013519.","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"310_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-7-19","volume":"7","author":"A Rodriguez-Laso","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Laso, A., Zunzunegui, M. V., & Otero, A. (2007). The effect of social relationships on survival in elderly residents of a southern European community: a cohort study. BMC Geriatrics, 7(1), 19.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"310_CR20","first-page":"33","volume":"13","author":"N Ross","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ross, N. (2002). Community belonging and health. Health Reports, 13(3), 33\u201339.","journal-title":"Health Reports"},{"issue":"12","key":"310_CR21","first-page":"10","volume":"27","author":"C Sanmartin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sanmartin, C., Decady, Y., Trudeau, R., Dasylva, A., Tjepkema, M., Fin\u00e8s, P., Burnett, R., Ross, N., & Manuel, D. G. (2016). Linking the Canadian Community Health Survey and the Canadian Mortality Database: an enhanced data source for the study of mortality. Health Reports, 27(12), 10.","journal-title":"Health Reports"},{"issue":"6","key":"310_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(91)90150-B","volume":"32","author":"CD Sherbourne","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sherbourne, C. D., & Stewart, A. L. (1991). The MOS social support survey. Social Science & Medicine, 32(6), 705\u2013714.","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"310_CR23","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2017a). Age and sex, and type of dwelling data: key results from the 2016 Census. The Daily. https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/170503\/dq170503a-eng.htm. Accessed 21 Apr 2019."},{"key":"310_CR24","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2017b). Families, households and marital status: key results from the 2016 Census. The Daily. https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/170802\/dq170802a-eng.htm. Accessed 21 Apr 2019."},{"key":"310_CR25","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2017c). A portrait of the population aged 85 and older in 2016 in Canada. Statistics Canada, accessed April 21. https:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/census-recensement\/2016\/as-sa\/98-200-x\/2016004\/98-200-x2016004-eng.cfm."},{"key":"310_CR26","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2017d). Vital statistics - death database (CVSD). accessed April 21. http:\/\/www23.statcan.gc.ca\/imdb\/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=3233."},{"key":"310_CR27","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. (2018). Canadian community health survey - annual component (CCHS). accessed April 21. http:\/\/www23.statcan.gc.ca\/imdb\/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&amp;SDDS=3226."},{"issue":"12","key":"310_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr461","volume":"175","author":"S Stringhini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stringhini, S., Berkman, L., Dugravot, A., Ferrie, J. E., Marmot, M., Kivimaki, M., & Singh-Manoux, A. (2012). Socioeconomic status, structural and functional measures of social support, and mortality the British Whitehall II cohort study, 1985\u20132009. American Journal of Epidemiology, 175(12), 1275\u20131283.","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"310_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6924.2009.01122.x","volume":"4","author":"BN Uchino","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uchino, B. N. (2009). Understanding the links between social support and physical health: a life-span perspective with emphasis on the separability of perceived and received support. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 4(3), 236\u2013255.","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"310_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1017\/S0959259800104101","volume":"10","author":"C Victor","year":"2000","unstructured":"Victor, C., Scambler, S., Bond, J., & Bowling, A. (2000). Being alone in later life: loneliness, social isolation and living alone. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 10(4), 407\u2013417.","journal-title":"Reviews in Clinical Gerontology"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.17269\/s41997-020-00310-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.17269\/s41997-020-00310-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.17269\/s41997-020-00310-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,13]],"date-time":"2021-03-13T00:06:29Z","timestamp":1615593989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.17269\/s41997-020-00310-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17269\/s41997-020-00310-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-4263","1920-7476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-4263","type":"print"},{"value":"1920-7476","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 April 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}