{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:40:09Z","timestamp":1792798809706,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709856000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD, sometimes termed \u201cfracking\u201d or \u201chydraulic fracturing\u201d) is an industrial process to extract methane gas and\/or oil deposits. Many chemicals used in UOGD have known adverse human health effects. Canada is a major producer of UOGD-derived gas with wells frequently located in and around rural and Indigenous communities. Our objective was to conduct a scoping review to identify the extent of research evidence assessing UOGD exposure\u2013related health impacts, with an additional focus on Canadian studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We included English- or French-language peer-reviewed epidemiologic studies (January 2000\u2013December 2022) which measured exposure to UOGD chemicals directly or by proxy, and where health outcomes were plausibly caused by UOGD-related chemical exposure. Results synthesis was descriptive with results ordered by outcome and hierarchy of methodological approach.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Synthesis<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We identified 52 studies from nine jurisdictions. Only two were set in Canada. A majority (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200927) used retrospective cohort and case\u2013control designs. Almost half (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924) focused on birth outcomes, with a majority (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200922) reporting one or more significant adverse associations of UOGD exposure with: low birthweight; small for gestational age; preterm birth; and one or more birth defects. Other studies identified adverse impacts including asthma (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097), respiratory (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913), cardiovascular (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096), childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092), and all-cause mortality (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There is a growing body of research, across different jurisdictions, reporting associations of UOGD with adverse health outcomes. Despite the rapid growth\u00a0of UOGD, which is often located in remote, rural, and Indigenous communities, Canadian research on its effects on human health is remarkably sparse. There is a pressing need for additional evidence.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-024-00860-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T15:02:25Z","timestamp":1709910145000},"page":"446-467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The human health effects of unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD): A scoping review of epidemiologic studies"],"prefix":"10.17269","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Amira M.","family":"Aker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Friesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Ronald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary M.","family":"Doyle-Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim K.","family":"Takaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willow","family":"Thickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elyse","family":"Caron-Beaudoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0553-7240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret J.","family":"McGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"860_CR1","unstructured":"AIDA. 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