{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T15:56:50Z","timestamp":1793548610215,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011094","name":"Public Health Agency of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A decline in routine vaccination coverage in children has been observed after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, but it is unclear whether these declines were sustained over time. This analysis assessed changes in vaccination coverage at ages 2 and 7\u00a0years for routinely administered vaccinations before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Vaccination coverage was measured using yearly data from the Standardized Reporting on Vaccination (STARVAX) surveillance system between December 31, 2019, and December 31, 2023. Four provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and New Brunswick) and one territory (Yukon) produced reports from their immunization registries and provided the Public Health Agency of Canada with the numbers of vaccinated 2-year-old and 7-year-old children. Population estimates from Statistics Canada and the Yukon Bureau of Statistics were used as the denominators.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There was a decline in vaccination coverage in 2023 compared to 2019. In 2-year-olds, coverage for one dose of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and four doses of the diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine decreased from 89.5% to 82.5% and from 79.9% to 72.1%, respectively. Among 7-year-olds, DTaP (up-to-date) and MMR (two doses) vaccination coverage decreased from 77.1% to 68.8% and 86.3% to 75.6%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These declines are of concern and suggest that health care professionals should provide parents with accurate information regarding vaccines and encourage them to have their children vaccinated and keep vaccinations up to date.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-024-00956-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T16:01:51Z","timestamp":1729958511000},"page":"284-289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Routine vaccination coverage at ages 2 and 7, before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the STARVAX surveillance system"],"prefix":"10.17269","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9956-721X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahash","family":"Jeevakanthan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Roubos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Hender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morag","family":"Granger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sazzadul","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maaz","family":"Shahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"LeBlanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanine","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas L.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8690","key":"956_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90420-a","volume":"335","author":"RM Anderson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Anderson, R. M., & May, R. M. (1990). Immunisation and herd immunity. Lancet, 335(8690), 641\u2013645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90420-a","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"26","key":"956_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.044","volume":"40","author":"B Evans","year":"2022","unstructured":"Evans, B., & Jombart, T. (2022). Worldwide routine immunisation coverage regressed during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine, 40(26), 3531\u20133535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.01.044","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"956_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1277847","volume":"13","author":"NL Gilbert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gilbert, N. L., Gilmour, H., Wilson, S. E., & Cantin, L. (2017). Determinants of non-vaccination and incomplete vaccination in Canadian toddlers. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 13, 1447\u20131453.","journal-title":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics"},{"issue":"12","key":"956_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.02.008","volume":"40","author":"C Ji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ji, C., Pich\u00e9-Renaud, P. P., Apajee, J., Stephenson, E., Forte, M., Friedman, J. N., Science, M., Zlotkin, S., Morris, S. K., & Tu, K. (2022). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine immunization coverage in children under 2 years old in Ontario, Canada: A retrospective cohort study. Vaccine, 40(12), 1790\u20131798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.02.008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"956_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007707","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.2007707","volume":"18","author":"M Kiely","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kiely, M., Mansour, T., Brousseau, N., Rafferty, E., Paudel, Y. R., Sadarangani, M., Svenson, L. W., Robinson, J. L., Gagneur, A., Driedger, S. M., & MacDonald, S. E. (2022). COVID-19 pandemic impact on childhood vaccination coverage in Quebec, Canada. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 18(1), 2007707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2021.2007707","journal-title":"Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"956_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e055968","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055968","volume":"12","author":"SE MacDonald","year":"2022","unstructured":"MacDonald, S. E., Paudel, Y. R., Kiely, M., Rafferty, E., Sadarangani, M., Robinson, J. L., Driedger, S. M., & Svenson, L. W. (2022). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vaccine coverage for early childhood vaccines in Alberta, Canada: A population-based retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open, 12(1), e055968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055968","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"956_CR7","unstructured":"PHAC. (2022). Vaccine coverage in Canadian children: Results from the 2019 childhood National Immunization Coverage Survey (cNICS). Retrieved 2024-06-06 from https:\/\/publications.gc.ca\/collections\/collection_2023\/aspc-phac\/HP37-31-2019-eng.pdf"},{"key":"956_CR8","unstructured":"PHAC. (2023, 2023\u201301\u201306). Measles & Rubella Weekly Monitoring Report \u2013 Week 52: December 25 to December 31, 2022. Retrieved 2024\u201306\u201306 from https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/publications\/diseases-conditions\/measles-rubella-surveillance\/2022\/week-52.html"},{"key":"956_CR9","unstructured":"PHAC. (2024a). Canadian immunization guide. Retrieved 2024\u201308\u201316 from https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/canadian-immunization-guide.html"},{"key":"956_CR10","unstructured":"PHAC. (2024b, 2024\u201307\u201312). COVID-19 vaccination: Vaccination coverage. Retrieved 2024\u201308\u201316 from https:\/\/health-infobase.canada.ca\/covid-19\/vaccination-coverage\/"},{"key":"956_CR11","unstructured":"PHAC. (2024c, 2024\u201305\u201331). Measles & Rubella Weekly Monitoring Report \u2013 Week 20: May 12 to May 18, 2024. Retrieved 2024\u201306\u201306 from https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/publications\/diseases-conditions\/measles-rubella-surveillance\/2024\/week-20.html"},{"key":"956_CR12","unstructured":"PHAC. (2024d, 2024\u201301\u201311). Measles & Rubella Weekly Monitoring Report \u2013 Week 52: December 24 to December 30, 2023. Retrieved 2024\u201306\u201306 from https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/publications\/diseases-conditions\/measles-rubella-surveillance\/2023\/week-52.html"},{"key":"956_CR13","unstructured":"PHAC. (2024e, 2024\u201305\u201331). Provincial and territorial routine and catch-up vaccination schedule for infants and children in Canada. Retrieved 2024\u201308\u201316 from https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/provincial-territorial-immunization-information\/provincial-territorial-routine-vaccination-programs-infants-children.html"},{"issue":"19","key":"956_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.03.024","volume":"40","author":"B Rotolo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rotolo, B., Dub\u00e9, E., Vivion, M., MacDonald, S. E., & Meyer, S. B. (2022). Hesitancy towards COVID-19 vaccines on social media in Canada. Vaccine, 40(19), 2790\u20132796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.03.024","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"956_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Treharne, A., Patel Murthy, B., Zell, E. R., Jones-Jack, N., Loper, O., Bakshi, A., Nalla, A., Kuramoto, S., Cheng, I., Dykstra, A., Robison, S. G., Youngers, E. H., Schauer, S., Gibbs Scharf, L., & Harris, L. (2024). 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