{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T11:50:03Z","timestamp":1793620203417,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["181006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["181006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Health Canada Substance Use and addictions program","award":["2122-HQ-000021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2122-HQ-000021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The overdose crisis remains one of the largest public health issues facing North America to date. Formalized virtual spotting services have gained popularity as a harm reduction intervention, proving early effectiveness in reducing overdose mortality. This study determined the characteristics of individuals who recurrently use one such service, Canada\u2019s National Overdose Response Service (NORS).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this retrospective study, call logs from NORS were analyzed from service inception. Demographics including age, gender, province, community size, substance used, routes of administration, and adverse events were all collected and imputed into a marginal means and rates model to determine the predictors of recurrent service use.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 7340 unique calls were included within our analysis. Of those, 1167 (15.8%) reported their gender as male, 3744 (51.0%) as female, and\u00a01329 (18.1%) as gender diverse, and 1100 (14.9%) did not report their gender. In terms of age, 46 (0.6%) were individuals under the age of 18\u00a0years, 3561 (48.5%) were between 18 and 30, 557 (7.6%) were between 31 and 40, 2505 (34.1%) were between 41 and 50, 525 (7.1%) were age 51 or over, and 146 (2.0%) did not report their age. Men\u2019s rate ratios for recurrent calls were significantly lower than women\u2019s (RR\u2009=\u20090.08, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.07\u20120.09), as were those for respondents aged 31\u201240\u00a0years as compared with those aged 18\u201230 (RR\u2009=\u20090.26, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.15\u20120.45). Between regions, rate ratios for callers from British Columbia (RR\u2009=\u20090.28, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.17\u20122.24) and Atlantic provinces (RR\u2009=\u20090.09; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.07\u20120.12) were significantly lower than those for callers from the province of Ontario. Similarly, rural callers demonstrated lower recurrent service use (RR\u2009=\u20090.08; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.07\u20120.11) than their urban counterparts.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>NORS demonstrates higher usage patterns within certain demographic groups, in particular, urban women. The results can therefore be used to target public health messaging toward those who derive the most benefit from the service and to tailor programming to those who are at highest risk to use alone.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-024-00981-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T13:23:13Z","timestamp":1739884993000},"page":"364-375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Predictors of overdose response hotline use for mental health and fatal overdose prevention"],"prefix":"10.17269","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4278-9751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Will","family":"Rioux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Viste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1566-0015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. Monty","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"981_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu222","volume":"44","author":"LD Amorim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amorim, L. D., & Cai, J. (2015). Modelling recurrent events: A tutorial for analysis in epidemiology. International Journal of Epidemiology, 44(1), 324\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyu222","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"981_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.329","volume":"20","author":"MJ Azur","year":"2011","unstructured":"Azur, M. J., Stuart, E. A., Frangakis, C., & Leaf, P. J. (2011). Multiple imputation by chained equations: What is it and how does it work? International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 20(1), 40\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mpr.329","journal-title":"International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"981_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155798831985911","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988319859113","volume":"13","author":"G Bardwell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bardwell, G., Kerr, T., & McNeil, R. (2019). The opioid overdose epidemic and the urgent need for effective public health interventions that address men who use drugs alone. American Journal of Men\u2019s Health, 13(3), 155798831985911. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1557988319859113","journal-title":"American Journal of Men\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"981_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.38.6.02","volume":"38","author":"L Belzak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Belzak, L., & Halverson, J. (2018). Evidence synthesis - the opioid crisis in Canada: A national perspective. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada, 38(6), 224\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24095\/hpcdp.38.6.02","journal-title":"Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada"},{"issue":"12","key":"981_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14417","volume":"113","author":"J Boyd","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boyd, J., Collins, A. B., Mayer, S., Maher, L., Kerr, T., & McNeil, R. (2018). Gendered violence and overdose prevention sites: A rapid ethnographic study during an overdose epidemic in Vancouver, Canada: Gendered violence & overdose prevention sites. Addiction, 113(12), 2261\u20132270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.14417","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"11","key":"981_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01601-8","volume":"48","author":"ER Butelman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Butelman, E. R., Huang, Y., Epstein, D. H., Shaham, Y., Goldstein, R. Z., Volkow, N. D., & Alia-Klein, N. (2023). Overdose mortality rates for opioids and stimulant drugs are substantially higher in men than in women: State-level analysis. Neuropsychopharmacology, 48(11), 11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41386-023-01601-8","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"981_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buuren, S., & Groothuis-Oudshoorn, K. (2010).\u00a0Mice: Multivariate imputation by chained equations in R.\u00a0Journal of Statistical Software,\u00a045(3):1\u201368.","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03"},{"issue":"2","key":"981_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601118","volume":"89","author":"TG Clark","year":"2003","unstructured":"Clark, T. G., Bradburn, M. J., Love, S. B., & Altman, D. G. (2003). Survival analysis part I: Basic concepts and first analyses. British Journal of Cancer, 89(2), 232\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601118","journal-title":"British Journal of Cancer"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"981_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_543_18","volume":"13","author":"S Cuschieri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cuschieri, S. (2019). The STROBE guidelines. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia, 13(Suppl 1), S31\u2013S34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/sja.SJA_543_18","journal-title":"Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"981_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3109\/00952990.2011.600389","volume":"38","author":"K DeBeck","year":"2012","unstructured":"DeBeck, K., Kerr, T., Lai, C., Buxton, J., Montaner, J., & Wood, E. (2012). The validity of reporting willingness to use a supervised injecting facility on subsequent program use among people who use injection drugs. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 38(1), 55\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00952990.2011.600389","journal-title":"The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"981_CR11","unstructured":"DORS App. (n.d.). Dorsapp. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.dorsapp.ca. Accessed 24 Oct 2022."},{"key":"981_CR12","unstructured":"Health Canada. (2016). Pillars of the Canadian drugs and substances strategy [Education and awareness].\u00a0https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/publications\/healthy-living\/pillarscanadian-drugs-substances-strategy.html. Accessed 21 Nov 2022."},{"key":"981_CR13","unstructured":"Health Canada. (2021, May 12). Opioid-related Harms in Canada: Integrating emergency medical service, hospitalization, and death data [Datasets]. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/opioids\/data-surveillance-research\/integrating-emergency-medical-hospitalization-death-data.html. Accessed 22 Nov 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"981_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14586-8","volume":"22","author":"K Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu, K., Klinkenberg, B., Gan, W. Q., & Slaunwhite, A. K. (2022). Spatial-temporal trends in the risk of illicit drug toxicity death in British Columbia. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 2121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-14586-8","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"981_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-020-00308-z","volume":"15","author":"S Imtiaz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Imtiaz, S., Shield, K. D., Fischer, B., Elton-Marshall, T., Sornpaisarn, B., Probst, C., & Rehm, J. (2020). Recent changes in trends of opioid overdose deaths in North America. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 15(1), 66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13011-020-00308-z","journal-title":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy"},{"key":"981_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2023.110878","volume":"250","author":"A Loverock","year":"2023","unstructured":"Loverock, A., Marshall, T., Viste, D., Safi, F., Rioux, W., Sedaghat, N., Kennedy, M., & Ghosh, S. M. (2023). Electronic harm reduction interventions for drug overdose monitoring and prevention: A scoping review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 250, 110878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2023.110878","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"5","key":"981_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.20220128","volume":"74","author":"S Matthews","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matthews, S., Cantor, J. H., Brooks Holliday, S., Eberhart, N. K., Breslau, J., Bialas, A., & McBain, R. K. (2023). Mental health emergency hotlines in the United States: A scoping review (2012\u20132021). Psychiatric Services, 74(5), 513\u2013522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ps.20220128","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"1","key":"981_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-6606-7","volume":"19","author":"S Mitra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mitra, S., Rachlis, B., Krysowaty, B., Marshall, Z., Olsen, C., Rourke, S., & Kerr, T. (2019). Potential use of supervised injection services among people who inject drugs in a remote and mid-size Canadian setting. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-019-6606-7","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"981_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mocanu, V., Viste, D., Rioux, W., & Ghosh, S. M. (2024). Accessibility gaps of physical supervised consumption sites in Canada motivating the use of overdose response technology\/phone based virtual overdose response services: A retrospective cohort study. The Lancet Regional Health \u2013 Americas, 34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lana.2024.100770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2024.100770"},{"issue":"1","key":"981_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-022-00610-y","volume":"19","author":"T Nassau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nassau, T., Kolla, G., Mason, K., Hopkins, S., Tookey, P., McLean, E., Werb, D., & Scheim, A. (2022). Service utilization patterns and characteristics among clients of integrated supervised consumption sites in Toronto, Canada. Harm Reduction Journal, 19(1), 33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12954-022-00610-y","journal-title":"Harm Reduction Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"981_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10434","DOI":"10.2196\/10434","volume":"20","author":"SR Paige","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paige, S. R., Miller, M. D., Krieger, J. L., Stellefson, M., & Cheong, J. (2018). Electronic health literacy across the lifespan: Measurement invariance study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(7), e10434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/10434","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"key":"981_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.04.004","volume":"57","author":"CE Paquette","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paquette, C. E., Syvertsen, J. L., & Pollini, R. A. (2018). Stigma at every turn: Health services experiences among people who inject drugs. International Journal of Drug Policy, 57, 104\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.04.004","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"981_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-021-00530-3","volume":"18","author":"M Perri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Perri, M., Kaminski, N., Bonn, M., Kolla, G., Guta, A., Bayoumi, A. M., Challacombe, L., Gagnon, M., Touesnard, N., McDougall, P., & Strike, C. (2021). A qualitative study on overdose response in the era of COVID-19 and beyond: How to spot someone so they never have to use alone. Harm Reduction Journal, 18(1), 85. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12954-021-00530-3","journal-title":"Harm Reduction Journal"},{"key":"981_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2022.103815","volume":"108","author":"M Perri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Perri, M., Schmidt, R. A., Guta, A., Kaminski, N., Rudzinski, K., & Strike, C. (2022). COVID-19 and the opportunity for gender-responsive virtual and remote substance use treatment and harm reduction services. International Journal of Drug Policy, 108, 103815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2022.103815","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"981_CR25","unstructured":"Powered by evan | A Digital Health Company. (n.d.). Lifeguard digital health. No blog title set. Retrieved\u00a0from https:\/\/lifeguarddh.com\/. Accessed 24 Oct 2022."},{"key":"981_CR26","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada.\u00a0(2022, December 14). Substance-related acute toxicity deaths in Canada from 2016 to 2017 [Research]. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/opioids\/datasurveillance-research\/substance-related-acute-toxicity-deaths-canada-2016-2017-review-coroner-medicalexaminer-files.html.\u00a0Accessed 22 Nov 2022."},{"key":"981_CR27","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada. (2023, November 15). Supervised consumption sites: Dashboard \u2014 Canada.ca [Datasets;statistics;education and awareness]. Aem. https:\/\/health-infobase.canada.ca\/supervised-consumption-sites\/. Accessed 22 Nov 2024."},{"key":"981_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rider, N., Safi, F., Marshall, T., Jones, S., Seo, B., Viste, D., Taplay, P. E., Rioux, W., & Ghosh, S. M. (2023). Investigating uses of peer-operated virtual overdose monitoring services (VOMS) beyond overdose response: A qualitative study. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse,\u00a0pp. 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00952990.2023.2271642","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2023.2271642"},{"key":"981_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242795","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1242795","volume":"11","author":"W Rioux","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rioux, W., Enns, B., & Ghosh, S. M. (2023a). Virtual overdose monitoring services\/mobile overdose response services: Estimated number of potentially averted drug poisoning fatality events by various telephone and digital-based overdose prevention\/harm reduction services in North America. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1242795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1242795","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"981_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104121","volume":"119","author":"W Rioux","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rioux, W., Marshall, T., & Ghosh, S. M. (2023b). Virtual overdose monitoring services and overdose prevention technologies: Opportunities, limitations, and future directions. International Journal of Drug Policy, 119, 104121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104121","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"981_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rosen, J. G., Glick, J. L., Zhang, L., Cooper, L., Olatunde, P. F., Pelaez, D., Rouhani, S., Sue, K. L., & Park, J. N. (2022). Safety in solitude? Competing risks and drivers of solitary drug use among women who inject drugs and implications for overdose detection. Addiction, 118(5):847\u2013854. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.16103.","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16103"},{"issue":"1","key":"981_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-023-00792-z","volume":"20","author":"F Safi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Safi, F., Rioux, W., Rider, N., Fornssler, B., Jones, S., & Ghosh, S. M. (2023). Feasibility and acceptability of inserts promoting virtual overdose monitoring services (VOMS) in naloxone kits: A qualitative study. Harm Reduction Journal, 20(1), 64. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12954-023-00792-z","journal-title":"Harm Reduction Journal"},{"key":"981_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102993","volume":"87","author":"AI Scheim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scheim, A. I., Bouck, Z., Tookey, P., Hopkins, S., Sniderman, R., McLean, E., Garber, G., Baral, S., Rourke, S. B., & Werb, D. (2021). Supervised consumption service use and recent non-fatal overdose among people who inject drugs in Toronto, Canada. International Journal of Drug Policy, 87, 102993. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102993","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"981_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2031-8","volume":"17","author":"M Sekhon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sekhon, M., Cartwright, M., & Francis, J. J. (2017). Acceptability of healthcare interventions: An overview of reviews and development of a theoretical framework. BMC Health Services Research, 17(1), 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-017-2031-8","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"981_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000870","volume":"36","author":"JTW Teck","year":"2023","unstructured":"Teck, J. T. W., Oteo, A., & Baldacchino, A. (2023). Rapid opioid overdose response system technologies. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 36(4), 308\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000870","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"key":"981_CR36","unstructured":"The Brave App. (n.d.). The Brave App. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.thebraveapp.com. Accessed 24 Oct 2022."},{"key":"981_CR37","unstructured":"Therneau, T. M., Lumley, T., Atkinson, E., & Crowson, C. (2024). A package for survival analysis in R (Version 3.5\u20138) [Computer software]. https:\/\/cran.r-project.org\/web\/packages\/survival\/index.html. Accessed 22 Nov 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"981_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16751-z","volume":"23","author":"D Viste","year":"2023","unstructured":"Viste, D., Rioux, W., Cristall, N., Orr, T., Taplay, P., Morris-Miller, L., & Ghosh, S. M. (2023). Association of drug overdoses and user characteristics of Canada\u2019s national mobile\/virtual overdose response hotline: The national overdose response service (NORS). BMC Public Health, 23(1), 1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-16751-z","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"981_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-024-01285-1","author":"D Viste","year":"2024","unstructured":"Viste, D., Rioux, W., Rider, N., Orr, T., Cristall, N., Seitz, D., & Ghosh, S. M. (2024). Characteristics and risk of adverse mental health events amongst users of the National Overdose Response Service (NORS) telephone hotline. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-024-01285-1","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"981_CR40","unstructured":"Xavier, J., Lowe, L., & Rodrigues, S. (2021). Access to and safety for women at supervised\u00a0consumption services: Findings from a community-based research project. Canadian Mental\u00a0Health Association."}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.17269\/s41997-024-00981-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.17269\/s41997-024-00981-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.17269\/s41997-024-00981-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T01:02:28Z","timestamp":1756256548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.17269\/s41997-024-00981-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17269\/s41997-024-00981-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-4263","1920-7476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-4263","type":"print"},{"value":"1920-7476","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"WR is a volunteer with the National Overdose Response Service (NORS). MG co-founded NORS and belongs to the Canadian Society of Addiction Medicine and has no personal financial conflicts of interest to disclose. The results of this work may be used to apply for funding for NORS or to make operational changes to the service. The rest of the authors are unaffiliated with any other overdose response hotlines or NORS in particular and have no competing interests to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethics approval was obtained from the University of Calgary (REB21-1966).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"N\/A.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"N\/A.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}