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In response, the provincial government is increasingly implementing housing-based overdose prevention sites (HOPS). Within the context of a contaminated drug supply, and changing consumption practices, there is little research examining the effectiveness of HOPS. The aim of this study was to explore qualitatively how residents and staff experience HOPS, focusing on how this intervention fits into the day-to-day operations of a low-barrier housing facility.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study was undertaken at a non-profit housing and emergency shelter facility, with a HOPS in Vancouver, BC. We employed rapid-ethnographic methods including six\u00a0weeks of non-participant observation (&gt;\u2009200\u00a0h), three focus groups, 20 informal interviews with residents, and 10 semi-structured interviews with staff. Data were analyzed through an inductive thematic approach.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our results suggest that\u00a0this facility\u2019s HOPS is underutilized due to a variety of structural factors, the most prominent of these being the lack of inhalation services. This lack of service provision exacerbates overdose vulnerability and stigma. Continued drug consumption near the building and in non-monitored areas inside the building creates challenges for staff in identifying potential overdoses and exposes residents who do not consume drugs to drug use within the building.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Housing provision which provides a safer consumption environment to include those who smoke drugs is urgently needed to support both individuals who smoke and those looking to transition from injecting to smoking.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-025-01007-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T10:50:37Z","timestamp":1742295037000},"page":"387-397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Resident and staff experiences of structural barriers to a housing-based overdose prevention site in Vancouver, Canada: \u201cThere is a double standard if you smoke\u201d"],"prefix":"10.17269","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3331-0238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin D.","family":"Scher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7934-9680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin W.","family":"Chrisinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7761-5746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David K.","family":"Humphreys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5752-2297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gillian W.","family":"Shorter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1007_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-018-0294-y","volume":"96","author":"G Bardwell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bardwell, G., Fleming, T., Collins, A. 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