{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T03:25:21Z","timestamp":1791861921627,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F22-03575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F22-03575"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Canada Graduate Scholarship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-025-01012-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T11:43:56Z","timestamp":1741779836000},"page":"427-431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Decriminalization undone: Assessing the amendment to British Columbia\u2019s decriminalization of personal drug possession framework"],"prefix":"10.17269","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5728-5209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelsey A.","family":"Speed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6779-0086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kat","family":"Gallant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4588-4033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathew","family":"Fleury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6595-6883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica","family":"McAdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7995-9483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyson Singh","family":"Kelsall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"17","key":"1012_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.4800","volume":"329","author":"JA Barocas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barocas, J. A., Nall, S. K., Axelrath, S., Pladsen, C., Boyer, A., Kral, A. H., Meehan, A. A., Savinkina, A., Peery, D., Bien, M., Agnew-Brune, C., Goldshear, J., Chiang, J., Linas, B. P., Gonsalves, G., Bluthenthal, R. N., Mosites, E., NHBS Study Group. (2023). Population-level health effects of involuntary displacement of people experiencing unsheltered homelessness who inject drugs in US cities. JAMA, 329(17), 1478\u20131486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2023.4800","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"1012_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/136280607085792","volume":"12","author":"K Beckett","year":"2008","unstructured":"Beckett, K., & Herbert, S. (2008). Dealing with disorder: Social control in the post-industrial city. Theoretical Criminology, 12(1), 5\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/136280607085792","journal-title":"Theoretical Criminology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1012_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2015.1007923","volume":"26","author":"J Boyd","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boyd, J., & Kerr, T. (2016). Policing \u2018Vancouver\u2019s mental health crisis\u2019: A critical discourse analysis. Critical Public Health, 26(4), 418\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09581596.2015.1007923","journal-title":"Critical Public Health"},{"key":"1012_CR4","unstructured":"Canadian Public Health Association. (2024). Framework for a public health approach to substance use. https:\/\/www.cpha.ca\/sites\/default\/files\/uploads\/policy\/positionstatements\/2024-PHASU-PolicyStatement-e.pdf. Accessed 24 July 2024."},{"key":"1012_CR5","unstructured":"Federal, Provincial, and Territorial Special Advisory Committee on the Epidemic of Opioid Overdoses. (2024). Opioid- and stimulant-related harms in Canada. https:\/\/health-infobase.canada.ca\/substance-related-harms\/opioids-stimulants\/. Accessed 23 July 2024."},{"key":"#cr-split#-1012_CR6.1","unstructured":"Health Canada. (2024). Subsection 56"},{"key":"#cr-split#-1012_CR6.2","unstructured":"(1) class exemption to possess small amounts of certain illegal substances in the province of British Columbia - Health care clinics, shelters and private residences. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/health-concerns\/controlled-substances-precursor-chemicals\/policy-regulations\/policy-documents\/subsection-56-1-class-exemption-health-care-clinics-shelters-private-residences.html. Accessed 23 July 2024."},{"key":"1012_CR7","unstructured":"Impact Abbotsford. (2024). Judicial review \u2013 Matsqui-Abbotsford Impact Society. Impact Abby. https:\/\/www.impactabby.com\/judicial-review\/. Accessed 23 July 2024."},{"key":"1012_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2024.104478","volume":"129","author":"L Michaud","year":"2024","unstructured":"Michaud, L., McDermid, J., Bailey, A., & Singh Kelsall, T. (2024). Decriminalization or police mission creep? Critical appraisal of law enforcement involvement in British Columbia, Canada\u2019s decriminalization framework. International Journal of Drug Policy, 129, 104478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2024.104478","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"1012_CR9","unstructured":"Office of the Provincial Health Officer. (2024). Alternatives to unregulated drugs: Another step in saving lives. https:\/\/www2.gov.bc.ca\/assets\/gov\/health\/about-bc-s-health-care-system\/office-of-the-provincial-health-officer\/reports-publications\/special-reports\/alternatives_to_unregulated_drugs.pdf. Accessed 26 July 2024."},{"issue":"14","key":"1012_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3707","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-022-07471-y","volume":"37","author":"D Qi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qi, D., Abri, K., Mukherjee, M. R., Rosenwohl-Mack, A., Khoeur, L., Barnard, L., & Knight, K. R. (2022). Health impacts of street sweeps from the perspective of healthcare providers. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 37(14), 3707\u20133714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-022-07471-y","journal-title":"Journal of General Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1012_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/1078087417690883","volume":"55","author":"T Robinson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robinson, T. (2019). No right to rest: Police enforcement patterns and quality of life consequences for the criminalization of homelessness. Urban Affairs Review, 55(1), 41\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1078087417690883","journal-title":"Urban Affairs Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"1012_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16103","volume":"118","author":"JG Rosen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rosen, J. G., Glick, J. L., Zhang, L., Cooper, L., Olatunde, P. F., Pelaez, D., Rouhani, S., Sue, K. S., & Park, J. N. (2023). Safety in solitude? Competing risks and drivers of solitary drug use among women who inject drugs and implications for overdose detection. Addiction, 118(5), 845\u2013854. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.16103","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"1012_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.103933","volume":"111","author":"C Russell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Russell, C., Law, J., Bonn, M., Rehm, J., & Ali, F. (2023). The increase in benzodiazepine-laced drugs and related risks in Canada: The urgent need for effective and sustainable solutions. International Journal of Drug Policy, 111, 103933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.103933","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"4","key":"1012_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3138\/cpp.2022-050","volume":"49","author":"MSS Seabrook","year":"2023","unstructured":"Seabrook, M. S. S., Luscombe, A., Balian, N., Lofters, A., Matheson, F. I., O\u2019Neill, B. G., Owusu-Bempah, A., Persaud, N., & Pinto, A. D. (2023). Policing funding and crime rates in 20 of Canada\u2019s largest municipalities: A longitudinal study. Canadian Public Policy, 49(4), 383\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3138\/cpp.2022-050","journal-title":"Canadian Public Policy"},{"key":"1012_CR15","unstructured":"Swaich, A., Lovegrove, S., & Bailey, A. (2024, January 31). One year of decriminalization in BC: What\u2019s really going on? Canadian Drug Policy Coalition. https:\/\/drugpolicy.ca\/one-year-of-decriminalization-in-bc-whats-really-going-on\/#:~:text=Decriminalization%20reduces%20incarceration%2C%20police%20involvement,from%20the%20criminal%20justice%20system. Accessed 31 July 2024."}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.17269\/s41997-025-01012-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.17269\/s41997-025-01012-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.17269\/s41997-025-01012-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T12:22:59Z","timestamp":1756210979000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.17269\/s41997-025-01012-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17269\/s41997-025-01012-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-4263","1920-7476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-4263","type":"print"},{"value":"1920-7476","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}