{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T17:03:32Z","timestamp":1784567012826,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"BC NEIHR Indigenous Graduate Funding and the University of British Columbia Indigenous Graduate Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Can J Public Health"],"DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-026-01231-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:16:25Z","timestamp":1784564185000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Concussion knowledge, awareness, and experiences of indigenous youth ice hockey players: A call for culturally grounded concussion education and recovery"],"prefix":"10.17269","author":[{"given":"Makenzie","family":"McCallum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sierra","family":"LaPlante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Forsyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liisa","family":"Holsti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelina","family":"Babul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8984-5848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naznin","family":"Virji-Babul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1231_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s13412-012-0086-8","volume":"2","author":"C Bartlett","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bartlett, C., Marshall, M., & Marshall, A. (2012). Two-eyed seeing and other lessons learned within a co-learning journey of bringing together Indigenous and mainstream knowledges and ways of knowing. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 2(4), 331\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13412-012-0086-8","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"1231_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2019.58","volume":"46","author":"GL Bergeron","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bergeron, G. L. (2019). Incidence, Awareness, and Reporting of Sport-Related Concussions in Manitoba High Schools. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 46(4), 443\u2013450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cjn.2019.58","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"1231_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1231_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2014-041479","volume":"21","author":"JG Caron","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caron, J. G., Bloom, G. A., Falc\u00e3o, W. R., & Sweet, S. N. (2015). An examination of concussion education programmes: A scoping review methodology. Injury Prevention, 21(5), 301\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/injuryprev-2014-041479","journal-title":"Injury Prevention"},{"key":"1231_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000003162","author":"KL Cole","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cole, K. L., Tenhoeve, S. A., Khan, M., Findlay, M. C., Cortez, J., Grandhi, R., & Menacho, S. T. (2022). Barriers to care: Examining the unique obstacles of Indigenous American patients with acute neurosurgical injuries. Neurosurgery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/neu.0000000000003162","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"1231_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2020.1858160","volume":"35","author":"J Cunningham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cunningham, J., Broglio, S., Wyse, J., Mc Hugh, C., Farrell, G., Denvir, K., & Wilson, F. (2021). Athlete concussion history recall is underestimated: A validation study of self-reported concussion history among current professional rugby union players. Brain Injury, 35(1), 65\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699052.2020.1858160","journal-title":"Brain Injury"},{"issue":"5","key":"1231_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2016.263","volume":"43","author":"ME Eagles","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eagles, M. E., Bradbury-Squires, D. J., Powell, M. F., Murphy, J. R., Campbell, G. D., & Maroun, F. B. (2016). The impact of a concussion-U educational program on knowledge of and attitudes about concussion. The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 43(5), 659\u2013664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cjn.2016.263","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"1231_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.137.5.535","volume":"137","author":"GL Engel","year":"1980","unstructured":"Engel, G. L. (1980). The clinical application of the biopsychosocial model. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 137(5), 535\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.137.5.535","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1231_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2020.1824243","volume":"16","author":"K Ferdinand Pennock","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferdinand Pennock, K., McKenzie, B., McClemont Steacy, L., & Mainwaring, L. (2020). Under-reporting of sport-related concussions by adolescent athletes: A systematic review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(1), 66\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/1750984X.2020.1824243","journal-title":"International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology"},{"key":"1231_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.616661","volume":"11","author":"L Ferguson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ferguson, L., Giza, C. C., Serpa, R. O., Greco, T., Folkerts, M., & Prins, M. L. (2021). Recovery from repeat mild traumatic brain injury in adolescent rats is dependent on pre-injury activity state. Frontiers in Neurology, 11, Article 616661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.616661","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"key":"1231_CR11","unstructured":"Fogarty, W., Lovell, M., Langenberg, J., & Heron, M. J. (2018). Deficit discourse and strengths-based approaches. Changing the narrative of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and wellbeing. The Lowitja Institute."},{"key":"1231_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000505","volume":"75","author":"CC Giza","year":"2014","unstructured":"Giza, C. C., & Hovda, D. A. (2014). The new neurometabolic cascade of concussion. Neurosurgery, 75, S24\u2013S33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000505","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"1231_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000888","volume":"32","author":"KE Gordon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gordon, K. E., & Kuhle, S. (2022). Canadians reporting sport-related concussions: Increasing and now stabilizing. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine\u202f: Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine, 32(3), 313\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000888","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine"},{"key":"1231_CR14","unstructured":"Health Canada. (2018). First Nations and Inuit health: Cultural competence guide for primary care providers. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada.\u00a0Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"issue":"3","key":"1231_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12407","volume":"35","author":"C Hunt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hunt, C., Michalak, A., Johnston, E., Lefkimmiatis, C., Macumber, L., Jocko, T., & Ouchterlony, D. (2018a). Exploring concussion awareness in hockey with a First Nations community in Canada. Public Health Nursing, 35(3), 202\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/phn.12407","journal-title":"Public Health Nursing"},{"issue":"3","key":"1231_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2017.299","volume":"45","author":"C Hunt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hunt, C., Michalak, A., Johnston, E., Lefkimmiatis, C., Macumber, L., Jocko, T., & Ouchterlony, D. (2018b). Knowledge, attitudes and concussion information sources among First Nations in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 45(3), 283\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cjn.2017.299","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences"},{"issue":"8049","key":"1231_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08437-2","volume":"638","author":"J Illes","year":"2025","unstructured":"Illes, J., Perreault, M. L., Bassil, K., & Bjaalie, J. G. (2025). Two-eyed seeing and other Indigenous perspectives for neuroscience. Nature, 638(8049), 58\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-024-08437-2","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"12","key":"1231_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e309","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-20141124-10","volume":"43","author":"HA Kerr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kerr, H. A. (2014). Concussion risk factors and strategies for prevention. Pediatric Annals, 43(12), e309\u2013e315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/00904481-20141124-10","journal-title":"Pediatric Annals"},{"key":"1231_CR19","volume-title":"Indigenous methodologies: Characteristics, conversations, and contexts","author":"M Kovach","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kovach, M. (2021). Indigenous methodologies: Characteristics, conversations, and contexts (2nd ed.). University of Toronto Press.","edition":"2nd ed."},{"issue":"3","key":"1231_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659607301298","volume":"18","author":"ER Labun","year":"2007","unstructured":"Labun, E. R., & Emblen, J. (2007). Health as balance for the Sto: Lo Coast Salish. Journal of Transcultural Nursing: Official Journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society, 18(3), 208\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1043659607301298","journal-title":"Journal of Transcultural Nursing: Official Journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society"},{"key":"1231_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017","volume":"73","author":"CA Latkin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Latkin, C. A., Edwards, C., Davey-Rothwell, M. A., & Tobin, K. E. (2017). The relationship between social desirability bias and self-reports of health, substance use, and social network factors among urban substance users in Baltimore, Maryland. Addictive Behaviors, 73, 133\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2017","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"1231_CR22","first-page":"206","volume-title":"Aboriginal Peoples & sport in Canada: Historical foundations and contemporary issues","author":"L Lavall\u00e9e","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lavall\u00e9e, L., & L\u00e9vesque, L. (2013). Two-eyed seeing: Physical activity, sport, and recreation promotion in Indigenous communities. In J. Forsyth & A. R. Giles (Eds.), Aboriginal Peoples & sport in Canada: Historical foundations and contemporary issues (pp. 206\u2013228). UBC Press."},{"key":"1231_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maas, A. I., Menon, D. K., Manley, G. T., Abrams, M., \u00c5kerlund, C., Andelic, N., ... & Zemek, R. (2022). Traumatic brain injury: Progress and challenges in prevention, clinical care, and research. The Lancet Neurology, 21(11), 1004\u20131060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00309-X","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00309-X"},{"key":"1231_CR24","unstructured":"Manitowabi, D. (2011). Traditional healing and the Anishinaabe way. Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal and Indigenous Community Health, 9(2), 441\u2013456."},{"issue":"2","key":"1231_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18584\/iipj.2016.7.2.3","volume":"7","author":"TN Marsh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marsh, T. N., Cote-Meek, S., Young, N. L., Najavits, L. M., & Toulouse, P. (2016). Indigenous healing and seeking safety: A blended implementation project for intergenerational trauma and substance use disorders. International Indigenous Policy Journal, 7(2), 1\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18584\/iipj.2016.7.2.3","journal-title":"International Indigenous Policy Journal"},{"key":"1231_CR26","first-page":"44","volume-title":"Determinants of Indigenous peoples\u2019 health: Beyond the social","author":"M Marshall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marshall, M., Marshall, A., & Bartlett, C. (2018). Two-eyed seeing in medicine. In M. Greenwood, S. de Leeuw, & N. M. Lindsay (Eds.), Determinants of Indigenous peoples\u2019 health: Beyond the social (pp. 44\u201353). Canadian Scholars."},{"key":"1231_CR27","unstructured":"McCallum, M. (2025). Concussion knowledge and awareness among Indigenous ice hockey players. University of British Columbia. https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/collections\/ubctheses\/24\/items\/1.0448440. Accessed 4 Nov 2025."},{"key":"1231_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McCrory, P., Feddermann-Demont, N., Dvo\u0159\u00e1k, J., Cassidy, J. D., McIntosh, A., Vos, P. E., ... & Tarnutzer, A. A. (2017). What is the definition of sports-related concussion: A systematic review. British journal of sports medicine, 51(11), 877\u2013887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097393","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-097393"},{"issue":"3","key":"1231_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1123\/ssj.2017-0052","volume":"35","author":"TD McGuire-Adams","year":"2018","unstructured":"McGuire-Adams, T. D., & Giles, A. R. (2018). Anishinaabekweg Dibaajimowinan (stories) of decolonization through running. Sociology of Sport Journal, 35(3), 207\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ssj.2017-0052","journal-title":"Sociology of Sport Journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"1231_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.01.027","volume":"66","author":"JJ Milroy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Milroy, J. J., Wyrick, D. L., Rulison, K. L., Sanders, L., & Mendenhall, B. (2020). Using the integrated behavioural model to determine sport-related concussion reporting intentions among collegiate athletes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(6), 705\u2013712. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.01.027","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"1231_CR31","unstructured":"National Collaborating Centre for Indigenous Health. (2021). Indigenous Peoples\u2019 physical activity [Fact sheet]. National Collaborating Centre for Indigenous Health. https:\/\/www.nccih.ca\/Publications\/Lists\/Publications\/Attachments\/10403\/FS-Physical%20activity_EN_Web_v2.pdf.\u00a0Accessed 5 Nov 2025."},{"key":"1231_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406918812346","volume":"17","author":"C Peltier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peltier, C. (2018). An application of two-eyed seeing: Indigenous research methods with participatory action research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 17, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1609406918812346","journal-title":"International Journal of Qualitative Methods"},{"key":"1231_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pilarinos, A., Field, S., Vasarhelyi, K., Hall, D., Fox, E. D., Price, E. R., ... & Bingham, B. (2023). A qualitative exploration of Indigenous patients\u2019 experiences of racism and perspectives on improving cultural safety within health care. Canadian Medical Association Open Access Journal, 11(3), E404-E410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9778\/cmajo.20220135","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20220135"},{"issue":"2","key":"1231_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/0312407X.2024.2340464","volume":"78","author":"J Prehn","year":"2025","unstructured":"Prehn, J. (2025). An Indigenous strengths-based theoretical framework. Australian Social Work, 78(2), 145\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0312407X.2024.2340464","journal-title":"Australian Social Work"},{"issue":"09","key":"1231_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-104199","volume":"37","author":"N Reed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reed, N., Taha, T., Monette, G., & Keightley, M. (2016). A preliminary exploration of concussion and strength performance in youth ice hockey players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 37(09), 708\u2013713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0042-104199","journal-title":"International Journal of Sports Medicine"},{"key":"1231_CR36","volume-title":"Indigenous sports and recreation programs and partnerships across Canada: A literature review and environmental scan","author":"J Sutherland","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sutherland, J. (2021). Indigenous sports and recreation programs and partnerships across Canada: A literature review and environmental scan. National Collaborating Centre for Indigenous Health."},{"key":"1231_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wright, A. L., Gabel, C., Ballantyne, M., Jack, S. M., & Wahoush, O. (2019). Using two-eyed seeing in research with Indigenous people: An integrative review. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 18, 1\u201319.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1609406919869695","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406919869695"},{"issue":"5","key":"1231_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2017.49","volume":"44","author":"KJ Zeiler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zeiler, K. J., & Zeiler, F. A. (2017). Social determinants of traumatic brain injury in the North American Indigenous population: A review. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 44(5), 525\u2013531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cjn.2017.49","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences"}],"container-title":["Canadian Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.17269\/s41997-026-01231-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.17269\/s41997-026-01231-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.17269\/s41997-026-01231-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:16:43Z","timestamp":1784564203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.17269\/s41997-026-01231-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["1231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17269\/s41997-026-01231-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-4263","1920-7476"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-4263","type":"print"},{"value":"1920-7476","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This research was approved by the University of British Columbia Research Ethics Board (H23-03940) and conducted in the Perception-Action Laboratory at the University of British Columbia Vancouver campus.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All participants were asked to consent to participating in the study as to the future use of their data from the study as per the statements below.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consents","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"By signing this consent form, you acknowledge that you are participating voluntarily and that you have received a copy of this completed form for your records. I consent to participate in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"I consent to the future use of my data from this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}