{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T00:26:13Z","timestamp":1789259173803,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Association of Basic Medical Sciences of FBIH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomol Biomed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Methadone has a wide pharmacokinetic interindividual variability, resulting in unpredicted treatment response. Pharmacogenomic biomarkers seem promising for personalized methadone maintenance treatment. The evidence supports the use of ABCB1 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 1236C&gt;T with genotypes C\/T or C\/C (Jewish) and haplotypes AGCTT carrier, AGCGC heterozygote, or non-carrier (Caucasian), which have a predicted lower methadone dose requirement. In contrast, ABCB1 SNP 1236C&gt;T with genotype T\/T (Jewish); haplotypes AGCGC homozygote, AGCTT non-carrier (Caucasian), and ABCB1 3435C&gt;T variant carrier; and haplotypes CGT, TTC, and TGT (Han Chinese) have a predicted higher methadone dose. For methadone plasma levels, ABCB1 diplotype non-CGC\/TTT (Malay) predicted lower, and diplotype CGC\/TTT (Malay), 3435C&gt;T allelic carrier, haplotypes (CGT, TTC, TGT) (Han Chinese) predicted higher methadone levels. In terms of metabolism biomarkers, a lower methadone requirement was related to carriers of CYP2B6 genotypes *4(G\/G) and *9(T\/T) among Jewish patients, CYP2B6*9 genotype (T\/T) and haplotypes (TA\/TG); and CYP2C19 (*2\/*2,*2\/*3, and *3\/*3; Han Chinese). Higher methadone dose was observed in CYP2C19*1 allelic carriers (Han Chinese) and CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer (Caucasian). Lower methadone levels were reported in CYP2B6 SNPs, haplotypes TTT, and AGATAA (Han Chinese), CYP2C19 genotype *1\/*1 (Han Chinese), allelic carrier *1xN (Caucasian), and CYP3A4 genotype *1\/*1 (Caucasian). Carriers of CYP2B6 genotype *6\/*6 (Caucasian), CYP2B6 haplotypes ATGCAG and ATGCTG (Han Chinese), and CYP3A4 genotype *1\/*1B (Caucasian) had predicted higher methadone plasma levels. Specific pharmacokinetics biomarkers have potential uses for personalized methadone treatment in specific populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2020.4897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T10:41:14Z","timestamp":1597142474000},"page":"145-154","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pharmacogenomics biomarkers for personalized methadone maintenance treatment: The mechanism and its potential use"],"prefix":"10.17305","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4030-7616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fitri Fareez","family":"Ramli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6922","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"container-title":["Biomolecules and Biomedicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bjbms.org\/ojs\/index.php\/bjbms\/article\/download\/4897\/1358","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bjbms.org\/ojs\/index.php\/bjbms\/article\/download\/4897\/1358","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T22:01:24Z","timestamp":1784930484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjbms.org\/ojs\/index.php\/bjbms\/article\/view\/4897"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17305\/bjbms.2020.4897","relation":{},"ISSN":["2831-090X","2831-0896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2831-090X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2831-0896","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]}}}