{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T09:41:56Z","timestamp":1784540516969,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Association of Basic Medical Sciences of FBIH","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomol Biomed"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A large percentage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have taste dysfunction. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in mild and\u00a0moderate COVID-19 patients with the type (quantitative or qualitative) of taste disorders were compared in this observational study.\u00a0The 208 COVID-19 patients (118 men and 90 women) revealing only taste dysfunctions as prodromic symptoms were classified as mild\u00a0and moderate patients. Survey results were used to evaluate the taste disorder. The IL-6 levels were measured using a\u00a0chemiluminescence assay. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon rank, Welch\u2019s, and Mann\u2013Whitney tests. The findings\u00a0revealed that neither the presence of dysgeusia or phantogeusia nor the perception of sour and salty, differed statistically significantly\u00a0between moderate and mild patients (P &gt; 0.05). But between moderate and mild patients, there were statistically significant\u00a0differences in how umami, bitter, sweet, and parageusia were perceived (P\u00a0&lt; 0.05). There was an impairment of multiple tastes up to\u00a0ageusia in patients with high IL-6 levels. The findings demonstrated that parageusia and dysfunctions in umami, bitter, and sweet taste\u00a0perception can be indicators of more severe forms of COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2022.6973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T11:56:06Z","timestamp":1657194966000},"page":"344-350","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative taste alterations in COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.17305","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0842-7351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela Pia","family":"Cazzolla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7580-5733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Lovero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8364-2425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Spirito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Di Cosola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5671-8124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Santacroce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3588-1034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Lo Muzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3114-6048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Ciavarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Dioguardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vito","family":"Crincoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1127-8967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Pepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8292-923X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Varraso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7538-3219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Contino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6089-1165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Di Serio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4633-4893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Lo Muzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"6922","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"container-title":["Biomolecules and Biomedicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/bjbms.org\/ojs\/index.php\/bjbms\/article\/download\/6973\/2554","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bjbms.org\/ojs\/index.php\/bjbms\/article\/download\/6973\/2554","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T23:01:45Z","timestamp":1772838105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bjbms.org\/ojs\/index.php\/bjbms\/article\/view\/6973"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17305\/bjbms.2022.6973","relation":{},"ISSN":["2831-090X","2831-0896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2831-090X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2831-0896","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]}}}