{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:39:08Z","timestamp":1790267948871,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicinski Glasnik"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Aim&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Acute upper respiratory tract infections are the most common indication for antibiotic prescribing in primary care. The frequency of antibiotics prescribed to patients with upper respiratory tract infections has been studied. &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Methods&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;A cross-sectional survey has been conducted from October to December 2017 with participation of 17 General Practices in Croatia. Visits of patients with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections made the survey framework. A specially structured questionnaire was a tool for the assessment of reasons for encounters, clinical statuses and practitioners&amp;#039; decisions. According to the registered clinical status, two independent doctors classified patients using Centor criteria, which were used to evaluate appropriate indication for antibiotic prescription. &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Results&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;The survey analysed 709 patients&amp;#039; visits. Seventy three percent of general practice visits due to acute respiratory tract infection were initial. Antibiotics had been prescribed in the total of 32.6% of cases. Analysing upper respiratory tract infections with Centor score 1 and 2, antibiotics had been prescribed in 22.8% cases of the first visit and in 31.7% of the second visit, and with the Centor score 3 and 4 antibiotics had been prescribed in 85.1% of cases during the initial visit, and 66.7% of cases during the second visit. Logistic regression analysis about the contribution of nonclinical variables to antibiotic prescribing showed that most often antibiotics had been prescribed on Mondays. The most prescribed group of antibiotics was the penicillin group (74.8%), followed by macrolides (17.6%) and cephalosporins (4.0%). &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Conclusion&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; General practitioners prescribe antibiotics for acute respiratory tract infections more than recommended by evidence based medicine and professional criteria.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.17392\/1074-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,21]],"date-time":"2024-04-21T10:28:16Z","timestamp":1713695296000},"page":"79-85","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antibiotic prescription rate for upper respiratory tract infections in general practice \u2013 a Croatian study"],"prefix":"10.17392","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7959-2090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Ga\u010dina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Practice, Samobor","place":["Samobor,Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Vrca Botica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health \u2018\u2019Andrija \u0160tampar\u2019\u2019 University of Zagreb","place":["Zagreb,Croatia"],"department":["Department of Family Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iva","family":"Botica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital \u2018\u2019Rebro\u2019\u2019 Zagreb","place":["Zagreb,Croatia"],"department":["Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Horvat Hod\u017ei\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Practice, Zden\u010dina","place":["Zden\u010dina,Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iva","family":"Borove\u010dki \u017duti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Family Practice","place":["Gornja Stubica,Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Koba\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Family Practice","place":["Gornja Stubica,Croatia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"49509","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Uspon i pad rezistentnih bakterija","author":"Tambi\u0107Andra\u0161evi\u0107Tambi\u0107","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tambi\u0107 Andra\u0161evi\u0107 A, Gu\u017evinec M, Bukovac A, Lu-\nci\u0107 S, \u0160oprek S. 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Clinical presentation and microbiological di-\nagnosis in paediatric respiratory tract infection: a \nsystematic review. Br J Gen Pract 2015; 65:69-81.","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.09.003","article-title":"Understanding physician antibiotic prescribing behaviour: a systematic review of qualitative studies","author":"TeixieraRodriguesTeixiera","year":"2013","unstructured":"Teixiera Rodrigues A, Roque F, Falcao A, Figueiras \nA, Herdeiro MT. Understanding physician antibi-\notic prescribing behaviour: a systematic review of \nqualitative studies. 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Do general practitioners' consultation \nrates influence their prescribing patterns of antibi-\notics for acute respiratory tract infections? J Anti-\nmicrob Chemother 2011; 66:2425-33.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"10","article-title":"Antibiotic prescribing in relation to diagnoses and consultation rates in Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden: use of European quality indicators","author":"MTyrstrupM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tyrstrup M, van der Veldenb A, Engstrom S, Goderis \nG, Molstad S, Verheij T, Coenen S, Adriaenssens N. \nAntibiotic prescribing in relation to diagnoses and \nconsultation rates in Belgium, the Netherlands and \nSweden: use of European quality indicators. 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Fam Pract 2017; \n34:169-74.","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"709","article-title":"Reduction in antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections in Swedish primary care-a retrospective study of electronic patient records","author":"MTyrstrupM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tyrstrup M, Beckman A, M\u00f6lstad S, Engstrom S, \nLannering C, Melander E, Hedin K. Reduction in \nantibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infecti-\nons in Swedish primary care-a retrospective study \nof electronic patient records. BMC Infect Dis 2016; \n16:709.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref20","article-title":"What they see is what you get\": Prescribing antibiotics for respiratory tract infections in primary care: Do high prescribers diagnose differently? An analysis of German routine data","author":"SHueberS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hueber S, Kuehlein T, Gerlach R, Tauscher M, \nSchedlbauer A. \"What they see is what you get\": \nPrescribing antibiotics for respiratory tract infecti-\nons in primary care: Do high prescribers diagnose \ndifferently? An analysis of German routine data. \nPLoS One 2017; 12(12).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"178","article-title":"Antibiotic prescribing for acute respiratory tract infections in Norwegian primary care out-of-hours service","author":"BLindebergB","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lindeberg BH, Gjelstad S, Foshaug M, H\u00f8ye S. 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BMC Infect Dis 2016; \n16:709.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"18","article-title":"Trends in number of consultations and antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory tract infections between 1999 and 2005 in primary healthcare in Kalmar County, Southern Sweden","author":"TNeumarkT","year":"2009","unstructured":"Neumark T, Brudin L, Engstr\u00f6m S, Molstad S. \nTrends in number of consultations and antibiotic \nprescriptions for respiratory tract infections betwe-\nen 1999 and 2005 in primary healthcare in Kalmar \nCounty, Southern Sweden. Scand J Prim Health Care \n2009; 27:18-24.","journal-title":"Scand J Prim Health Care"}],"container-title":["Medicinski Glasnik"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/medicinskiglasnik.ba\/article\/374\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/medicinskiglasnik.ba\/article\/374\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T09:44:32Z","timestamp":1775468672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/medicinskiglasnik.ba\/article\/id\/293\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,22]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17392\/1074-20","archive":["Internet Archive"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1840-0132","1840-0132"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1840-0132","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1840-0132","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,22]]}}}