{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:13:28Z","timestamp":1790817208571,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicinski Glasnik"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Aim&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Candida albicans can cause two major types of infections: superficial infections (such as oral or vaginal candidiasis) as well as life-threatening systemic infections, and Aloe vera extract is one of the potentially useful therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to determine antifungal properties of Aloe vera ethanol extract on vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by Candida albicans. &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Methods&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Aloe vera ethanol extract was prepared by the maceration method with 70% ethanol and dissolved in DMSO into multiple concentrations (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%). Candida albicans was cultured in Sabouraud dextrose agar for 72 hours and disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of each concentration in comparison with fluconazole. Zones of inhibition at 72 hours were measured and documented, then analysed to get the mean inhibition zone (MIZ). &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Results&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; After 72 hours, all concentrations of Aloe vera ethanol extract showed inhibition effect against C. albicans with mean inhibition zones of each concentration, 12.450&amp;amp;plusmn;0.208 mm (6.25%), 13.975&amp;amp;plusmn;0.457 mm (12.5%), 15.650&amp;amp;plusmn;0.420 mm (25%), and 17.225&amp;amp;plusmn;0.512 mm (50%), respectively. Fluconazole revealed comparable antifungal effect with MIZ of 11.025&amp;amp;plusmn;0.478 mm. Oneway ANOVA test showed a significant effect of Aloe vera ethanol extract on inhibition zone of Candida albicans growth (p&amp;amp;lt;0.005). Conclusion Aloe vera ethanol extract possesses concentration dependent activity against Candida albicans that is comparable with standard antifungal agents.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.17392\/1098-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,21]],"date-time":"2024-04-21T10:28:16Z","timestamp":1713695296000},"page":"485-489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The effect of Aloe vera ethanol extract on the growth inhibition of Candida albicans"],"prefix":"10.17392","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Via Karina","family":"Nabila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Sumatera Utara","department":["Faculty of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1805-7278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imam Budi","family":"Putra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Sumatera Utara","department":["Department of Dermatology and Venereology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"49509","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"204237","article-title":"Candida infections, causes, targets, and resistance mechanisms: traditional and alternative antifungal agents","author":"CSpampinatoC","year":"2013. 2013","unstructured":"Spampinato C, Leonardi D. Candida infections, cau-\nses, targets, and resistance mechanisms: traditional \nand alternative antifungal agents. BioMed Research \nInternational 2013; 2013: 204237.","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"363764","article-title":"Hosting infection: experimental models to assay Candida virulence","author":"DMaccallumD","year":"2012. 2012","unstructured":"MacCallum DM. Hosting infection: experimental \nmodels to assay Candida virulence. Int J Microbiol \n2012; 2012:363764.","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"918","article-title":"Candida albicans: a molecular revolution built on lessons from budding yeast","author":"JBermanJ","year":"2002","unstructured":"Berman J, Sudbery PE. Candida albicans: a mole-\ncular revolution built on lessons from budding yeast. \nNat Rev Genet 2002; 3:918-30.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive mycoses in North America","author":"MPfallerM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ. Epidemiology of invasi-\nve mycoses in North America. Crit Rev Microbiol \n2010; 36:1-53.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"1961","article-title":"Vulvovaginal candidosis","author":"JSobelJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sobel JD. Vulvovaginal candidosis. Lancet 2007; \n369:1961-71.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"119","article-title":"Candida albicans pathogenicity mechanisms","author":"FMayerF","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mayer FL, Wilson D, Hube B. Candida albicans pat-\nhogenicity mechanisms. Virulence 2013; 4:119-28.","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"5","article-title":"Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis: a review of the literature","author":"ADovnikA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dovnik A, Golle A, Novak D, Arko D, Taka\u010d I. \nTreatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis: a review of \nthe literature. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica \nAdriat 2015; 24:5-7.","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"971","article-title":"Current treatment options for vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by azole-resistant Candida species","author":"JSobelJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sobel JD, Sobel R. Current treatment options for \nvulvovaginal candidiasis caused by azole-resistant \nCandida species. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018; \n19:971-7.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"21","article-title":"Evaluation of biological properties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: a systematic review","author":"MRadhaM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Radha MH, Laxmipriya NP. Evaluation of biological \nproperties and clinical effectiveness of Aloe vera: a \nsystematic review. J Tradit Complement Med 2014; \n5:21-6.","journal-title":"J Tradit Complement Med"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"41","article-title":"Antifungal effect of Malaysian Aloe vera leaf extract on selected fungal species of pathogenic otomycosis species in in vitro culture medium","author":"JSaniasiayaJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saniasiaya J, Salim R, Mohamad I, Harun A. Anti-\nfungal effect of Malaysian Aloe vera leaf extract on \nselected fungal species of pathogenic otomycosis \nspecies in in vitro culture medium. Oman Medical \nJournal 2017; 32:41-6.","journal-title":"Oman Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative analysis of antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of Aloe vera and quantification of Aloe emodin collected from different climatic zones of India","author":"SKumarS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kumar S, Yadav M, Yadav M, Yadav JP. Compara-\ntive analysis of antimicrobial activity of methanolic \nextracts of Aloe vera and quantification of Aloe emo-\ndin collected from different climatic zones of India. \nArch Clin Microb 2015; 6:1.","journal-title":"Arch Clin Microb"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1","article-title":"Uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap ekstrak etanol daun Mayana (Coleus antropurpereus (l.) benth) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa secara in-vitro (Antibacterial activity test against ethanol extract of Mayana (Coleus antropurpereus (l.) benth) leaves against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in-vitro)","author":"DMpilaD","year":"2012. 2015","unstructured":"Mpila D, Fatimawali F, Weny W. Uji aktivitas anti-\nbakteri terhadap ekstrak etanol daun Mayana (Co-\nleus antropurpereus (l.) benth) terhadap Staphylo-\ncoccus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Pseudomonas \naeruginosa secara in-vitro (Antibacterial activity \ntest against ethanol extract of Mayana (Coleus antro-\npurpereus (l.) benth) leaves against Staphylococcus \naureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeru-\nginosa in-vitro) [in Indonesian]. Jurnal of Fakultas \nMIPA, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado, 2012. \n13. Kurniawan J. Uji efek hepatoprotektor ekstrak eta-\nnol daun lidah buaya (Aloe vera l.) terhadap kadar \nmalondialdehid plasma tikus jantan galur wistar \nyang diinduksi parasetamol (Test of hepatoprotector \neffect of ethanol extract of Aloe vera [Aloe vera l.] \nleaves against malondialdehyde levels in paraceta-\nmol-induced male Wistar strain mouse) [in Indone-\nsian]. Jurnal Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Untan \n2015; 3:1-18.","journal-title":"Jurnal Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Untan"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Jakarta: Djambatan","author":"DDwijoseputroD","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dwijoseputro D. Dasar-dasar mikrobiologi (Basics \nof Microbiology) [in Indonesian]. Jakarta: Djamba-\ntan, 2005."},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"118","article-title":"Terpenoids inhibit Candida albicans growth by affecting membrane integrity and arrest of cell cycle","author":"GZoreG","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zore GB, Thakre AD, Jadhav S, Karuppayil SM. \nTerpenoids inhibit Candida albicans growth by \naffecting membrane integrity and arrest of cell cycle. \nPhytomedicine 2011; 18:118-90.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"72","article-title":"Pengaruh ekstrak daun lidah buaya (Aloe vera l.) terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans secara in vitro (The effect of Aloe vera [Aloe vera l.] leaf extract on the growth of Candida albicans in in vitro)","author":"FHuslinaF","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huslina F. Pengaruh ekstrak daun lidah buaya (Aloe \nvera l.) terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Candida albi-\ncans secara in vitro (The effect of Aloe vera [Aloe \nvera l.] leaf extract on the growth of Candida albi-\ncans in in vitro) [in Indonesian]. Jurnal Ilmiah Bio-\nlogi Teknologi dan Kependidikan 2017; 5:72-7.","journal-title":"Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Teknologi dan Kependidikan"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"107","article-title":"Antifungal activity of phyto-extracts of Piper longum, Aloe vera, and Withania somnifera against human fungal opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans","author":"HKaurH","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaur H, Goyal RR, Bhattacharya A, Gupta R, Lal \nNK, Arora B, Barua A, Yadav R, Balha M, Rana-\nnmay B, Kuanr N, Dhawan D, Sharma K, Chahal \nN, Prasad T. Antifungal activity of phyto-extracts of \nPiper longum, Aloe vera, and Withania somnifera \nagainst human fungal opportunistic pathogen Candi-\nda albicans. DU Journal of Undergraduate Research \nand Innovation. 2015; 1: 107-15.","journal-title":"DU Journal of Undergraduate Research and Innovation"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"184","article-title":"Anti-bacterial and antifungal activity of Aloe vera gel extract","author":"JjmtRenisheyaJjmt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Renisheya JJMT, Johnson M, Nancy BS, Laju RS, \nAnupriya G, Renola JJET. Anti-bacterial and anti-\nfungal activity of Aloe vera gel extract. International \nJournal of Biomedical and Advance Research 2012; \n3:184-7.","journal-title":"International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research"}],"container-title":["Medicinski Glasnik"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/medicinskiglasnik.ba\/article\/216\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/medicinskiglasnik.ba\/article\/216\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T09:44:17Z","timestamp":1775468657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/medicinskiglasnik.ba\/article\/id\/233\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,12]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17392\/1098-20","archive":["Internet Archive"],"relation":{"is-cited-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s42452-024-05628-4","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1840-0132","1840-0132"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1840-0132","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1840-0132","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,12]]}}}