{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T10:58:20Z","timestamp":1775473100460,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicinski Glasnik"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Aim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;To analyse demographic data, clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory data and comorbidities in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), mechanically ventilated with fatal outcome.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Methods&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Medical records of 92 patients were retrospectively analysed. Demographic data, clinical symptoms and comorbidities&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;were collected on the day of hospital admission. Clinical signs and laboratory data were collected on the day of hospital admission (T1), on the day of starting non-invasive ventilation (T2), and on the day of starting invasive ventilation (T3).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Results&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Average age of the patients was 60.05 years. Patients over 50 years of age, 71 (77.1%) (p=0.000), and males, 62 (67.4%;&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;p=0.001) were predominant. The most common patient symptoms were exhaustion, myalgia, dyspnoea and cough. Hyperthermia was recorded on the day of hospital admission. Tachycardia, hyperglycaemia, hypoxemia were recorded at all observed study times. The most common comorbidity was hypertension arterialis with a very strong correlation with fatal outcome, followed by diabetes mellitus and chronic heart disease that were moderately correlated with fatal outcome.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Conclusion&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;The treatment of COVID-19 patients in ICU with mechanical ventilation has a high failure rate. Demographic data,&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;clinical symptoms and signs as well as accompanying comorbidities can be a significant component in making decisions about diagnostic-therapeutic procedures.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.17392\/1394-21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,21]],"date-time":"2024-04-21T10:28:16Z","timestamp":1713695296000},"page":"378-383","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical characteristics, comorbidities and mortality in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with Covid-19: a retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.17392","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1224-8877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adisa","family":"\u0160abanovi\u0107 Adilovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cantonal Hospital Zenica","place":["Zenica,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nermina","family":"Rizvanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cantonal Hospital Zenica","place":["Zenica,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit,"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirza","family":"Kova\u010devi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cantonal Hospital Zenica","place":["Zenica,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harun","family":"Adilovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cantonal Hospital Zenica","place":["Zenica,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department of Internal Medicine"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"49509","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"401","article-title":"Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan China: the mystery and the miracle","author":"HLuH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu H, Stratton CW, Tang YW. Outbreak of pneumo-\nnia of unknown etiology in Wuhan China: the mystery \nand the miracle. J Med Virol 2020; 92:401-2.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1061","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan","author":"DWangD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang \nB, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang \nX, Peng Z. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospi-\ntalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-in-\nfected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020; \n323:1061-9.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"271","article-title":"The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Tohoku","author":"SBalochS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baloch S, Ali Baloch M, Zheng T, Pei X. The coro-\nnavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Toho-\nku J Exp Med 2020; 250:271-8.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"475","article-title":"Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan","author":"XYangX","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, Wu Y, \nZhang L, Yu Z, Fang M, Yu T, Wang Y, Pan S, Zou \nX, Yuan S, Shang Y. Clinical course and outcomes \nof critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumo-\nnia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospec-\ntive, observational study. Lancet Respir Med 2020; \n8:475-81.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"507","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneu-monia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study","author":"NChenN","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, \nQiu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Y, Xia J, Yu T, Zhang \nX, Zhang L. Epidemiological and clinical characte-\nristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneu-\nmonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet \n2020; 395:507-13.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"39652","article-title":"The incubation period of COVID-19: A rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of observational research","author":"CMcaloonC","year":"2020","unstructured":"McAloon CG, Collins \u00c1B, Hunt K, Barber A, Byrne \nAW, Butler F, Casey M, Griffin J, Lane E, McEvoy \nD, Wall P, Green MJ, O'Grady L, More SJ. The in-\ncubation period of COVID-19: A rapid systematic \nreview and meta-analysis of observational research. \nBMJ Open 2020; 10:e039652.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"43651","article-title":"Severity of respiratory failure at admission and in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a prospective observational multicentre study","author":"PSantusP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santus P, Radovanovic D, Saderi L, Marino P, \nCogliati C, De Filippis G, Rizzi M, Franceschi E, \nPini S, Giuliani F, Del Medico M, Nucera G, Valenti \nV, Tursi F, Sotgiu G. Severity of respiratory failure at \nadmission and in-hospital mortality in patients with \nCOVID-19: a prospective observational multicentre \nstudy. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e043651.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"54","article-title":"COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): clinical features and differences from typical pre-COVID-19 ARDS","author":"PGibsonP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gibson PG, Qin L, Puah SH. COVID-19 acute respi-\nratory distress syndrome (ARDS): clinical features \nand differences from typical pre-COVID-19 ARDS. \nMed J Aust 2020; 213:54-56e1.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-021-03536-2","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation parameters in critically ill CO-VID-19 patients: a scoping review","author":"GGrasselliG","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grasselli G, Cattaneo E, Florio G, Ippolito M, Zanel-\nla A, Cortegiani A, Huang J, Pesenti A, Einav S. Me-\nchanical ventilation parameters in critically ill CO-\nVID-19 patients: a scoping review. Crit Care 2021; \n25:115.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"100616","article-title":"Mechanical ventilation in early COVID-19 ARDS","author":"PLepperP","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lepper PM, Muellenbach RM. Mechanical ventila-\ntion in early COVID-19 ARDS. EClinicalMedicine \n2020; 28:100616.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"14","article-title":"COVID-19 fatality rates in hospitalized patients: systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"AMacedoA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Macedo A, Gon\u00c3 \u00a7alves N, Febra C. COVID-19 \nfatality rates in hospitalized patients: systematic re-\nview and meta-analysis. Ann Epidemol 2021; 57:14-\n21.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemol"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"1784","article-title":"The negative impact of comorbidities on the disease course of COVID-19","author":"NZ\u00e1doriN","year":"2020","unstructured":"Z\u00e1dori N, V\u00e1ncsa S, Farkas N, Hegyi P, Eross B; \nKETLAK Study Group. The negative impact of \ncomorbidities on the disease course of COVID-19. \nIntensive Care Med 2020; 46:1784-6.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30110-7","article-title":"Respiratory support for patients with COVID-19 infection","author":"Namendys-SilvaSaNamendys-Silva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Namendys-Silva SA. Respiratory support for pati-\nents with COVID-19 infection. Lancet Respir Med \n2020; 8:e18.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"609","article-title":"Ventilatory management of CO-VID-19-related ARDS: stick to basics and infection control","author":"RChawlaR","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chawla R, Nasa P. Ventilatory management of CO-\nVID-19-related ARDS: stick to basics and infection \ncontrol. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020; 24:609-10.","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"1708","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China","author":"WGuanW","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang W, Ou C, He J, Liu \nL, Shan H, Lei C, David DSC, Du B, Li L, Zeng \nG, Yuen K, Chen R, Tang C, Wang T, Chen P, Xi-\nang J, Li S, Wang J, Liang Z, Peng Y, Wei L, Liu \nY, Hu Y, Peng P, Wang J, Liu J, Chen Z, Li G, Zheng \nZ, Qiu S, Luo J, Ye C, Zhu S, Zhong N. Clinical \ncharacteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. \nN Engl J Med 2020; 382:1708-20.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5394","article-title":"Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy","author":"GGrasselliG","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, Antonelli M, \nCabrini L, Castelli A, Cereda D, Coluccello A, Foti \nG, Fumagalli R, Iotti G, Latronico N, Lorini L, Mer-\nler S, Natalini G, Piatti A, Ranieri MV, Scandroglio \nAM, Storti E, Cecconi M, Pesenti A. Baseline cha-\nracteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected \nwith SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombar-\ndy Region, Italy. JAMA 2020; 323:1574-81.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05605-3","article-title":"Risk factors for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at the start of the pandemic in Belgium: a retrospective cohort study","author":"KVan HalemK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Van Halem K, Bruyndonck R, Van der Hilst J, Cox \nJ, Driesen P, Opsomer M, Van Steenkiste E, Stessel \nB, Dubois J, Messiaen P. Risk factors for mortality \nin hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at the start \nof the pandemic in Belgium: a retrospective cohort \nstudy. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:897.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"e804","article-title":"Emory COVID-19 Quality and Clinical Research Collaborative. ICU and ventilator mortality among critically ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019","author":"SAuldS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Auld SC, Caridi-Scheible M, Blum JM, Robicha-\nux C, Kraft C, Jacob JT, Jabaley CS, Carpenter D, \nKaplow R, Hernandez-Romieu AC, Adelman MW, \nMartin GS, Coopersmith CM, Murphy DJ; Emory \nCOVID-19 Quality and Clinical Research Collabo-\nrative. ICU and ventilator mortality among critically \nill adults with coronavirus disease 2019. Crit Care \nMed 2020; 48:e-e804.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"497","article-title":"Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan","author":"CHuangC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, \nZhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, \nWei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, \nGao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, \nWang J, Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected \nwith 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lan-\ncet 2020; 395:497-506.","journal-title":"China. Lancet"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"1753","article-title":"COVID-19: specific and non-specific clinical manifestations and symptoms: the current state of knowledge","author":"JBajJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baj J, Karaku\u0142a-Juchnowicz H, Teresinski G, Bu-\nszewicz G, Ciesielka M, Sitarz E, Forma A, Ka-\nraku\u0142a K, Flieger W, Portincasa P, Maciejewski \nR. COVID-19: specific and non-specific clinical \nmanifestations and symptoms: the current state of \nknowledge. J Clin Med 2020; 9:1753.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Haemodynamic instability in a critically ill patient with covid-19 pneumonia: searching over the chest -report of a clinical case and mini-review of the literature","author":"SConciS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Conci S, Ruzzenente A, Donadello K, Cybulski AJ, \nPedrazzani C, Campagnaro T, Schweiger V, Dalbeni \nA, Mansueto G, Polati E, Guglielmi A. Haemodyna-\nmic instability in a critically ill patient with covid-19 \npneumonia: searching over the chest -report of a \nclinical case and mini-review of the literature. Case \nRep Imag Surg 2020; 3:1-3.","journal-title":"Case Rep Imag Surg"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"340","article-title":"Impact of glycemic control in diabetes mellitus on management of COVID-19 infection","author":"SBhandariS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhandari S, Rankawat G, Singh A, et al. Impact of \nglycemic control in diabetes mellitus on manage-\nment of COVID-19 infection. Int J Diabetes Dev \nCtries 2020; 40:340-5.","journal-title":"Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"108382","article-title":"Hyperglycemia without diabetes and new-onset diabetes are both associated with poorer outcomes in COVID-19","author":"ASinghA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh AK, Singh R. Hyperglycemia without diabe-\ntes and new-onset diabetes are both associated with \npoorer outcomes in COVID-19. Diabetes Res Clin \nPract 2020; 167:108382.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"106239","article-title":"Pulmonary pathology of ARDS in COVID-19: a pathological review for clinicians","author":"SBatahS","year":"2021","unstructured":"Batah SS, Fabro AT. Pulmonary pathology of ARDS \nin COVID-19: a pathological review for clinicians. \nRespir Med 2021; 176:106239.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"743","article-title":"Lung pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a study of 8 autopsy cases from Singapore","author":"TFranksT","year":"2003","unstructured":"Franks TJ, Chong PY, Paul Chui P, Galvin JR, Lou-\nrens RM, Reid AH, Selbs E, Mcevoy CPL, Hayden \nCDL, Fukuoka J, Taubenberger JK, Travis WD. \nLung pathology of severe acute respiratory syn-\ndrome (SARS): a study of 8 autopsy cases from Sin-\ngapore. Hum Pathol 2003; 34:743-48.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comorbidity and its impact on patients with CO-VID-19","author":"ASanyaoluA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanyaolu A, Okorie C, Marinkovic A, Patidar R, Yo-\nunis K, Desai P, Hosein Z, Padda I, Mangat J, Altaf \nM. Comorbidity and its impact on patients with CO-\nVID-19. SN Compr Clin Med 2020; 25:1-8.","journal-title":"SN Compr Clin Med"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"1003321","article-title":"Comorbidities associated with mortality in 31,461 adults with COVID-19 in the United States: a federated electronic medical record analysis","author":"FazioHarrisonslFazio","year":"2020","unstructured":"HarrisonSL, Fazio-Eynullayeva E, Lane DA, Un-\nderhill P, Lip GYH. Comorbidities associated with \nmortality in 31,461 adults with COVID-19 in the \nUnited States: a federated electronic medical record \nanalysis. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003321.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"745","article-title":"Hypertension is a clinically important risk factor for critical illness and mortality in COVID-19: a metaanalysis","author":"YanbinDuYanbin","unstructured":"Yanbin Du, Nan Zhou, Wenting Zha, Yuan Lv. \nHypertension is a clinically important risk factor for \ncritical illness and mortality in COVID-19: a meta-\nanalysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 31:745-55.","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"2938","article-title":"Diabetes as a risk factor for poor early outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19","author":"JSeiglieJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seiglie J, Platt J, Cromer SJ, Bunda B, Foulkes \nAS, Bassett IV, Hsu J, Meigs JB, Leong A, Putman \nMS, Triant VA, Wexler DJ, Manne-Goehler J. \nDiabetes as a risk factor for poor early outcomes \nin patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Diabetes \nCare 2020; 43:2938-44.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"COVID-19 and COPD","author":"JLeungJ","year":"2020. 2002108","unstructured":"Leung JM, Niikura M, Yang CWT, Sin \nDD.COVID-19 and COPD. Eur Respir J 2020; \n56:2002108.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Chronic respiratory diseases and the outcomes of COVID-19: a nationwide retrospective cohort study of 39,420 cases","author":"W-JGuanW-J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guan W-J, Liang W-H, Shi Y, Gan L-X, Wang H-B, \nHe J-X, Zhong N-S. Chronic respiratory diseases \nand the outcomes of COVID-19: a nationwide retros-\npective cohort study of 39,420 cases. J Allergy Clin \nImmunol Pract 2021; S2213-S2198(21)00246-4. \nOnline ahead of print.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"172","article-title":"Cardiovascular comorbidities as predictors for severe COVID-19 infection or death","author":"MPhelpsM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Phelps M, Christensen M, Gerds T, Fosb\u00f8l E,Torp-\nPedersen C, Schou M, K\u00f8ber L, Kragholm K, An-\ndersson C, Biering-S\u00f8rensen T, Christensen HC, \nAndersen MP, Gislason G. Cardiovascular comor-\nbidities as predictors for severe COVID-19 infec-\ntion or death. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes \n2021; 7:172-80.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"3112","article-title":"History of stroke is independently associated with in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19","author":"BenjaminKummerBenjamin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Benjamin R. Kummer, Eyal Klang, Laura K. Ste-\nin, Mandip S. Dhamoon, Nathalie Jett\u00e9. History of \nstroke is independently associated with in-hospital \ndeath in patients with COVID-19. Stroke 2020; \n51:3112-4.","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["Medicinski Glasnik"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/medicinskiglasnik.ba\/article\/335\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/medicinskiglasnik.ba\/article\/335\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T09:44:43Z","timestamp":1775468683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/medicinskiglasnik.ba\/article\/id\/346\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17392\/1394-21","archive":["Internet Archive"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1840-0132","1840-0132"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1840-0132","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1840-0132","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]}}}