{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T10:57:33Z","timestamp":1775473053556,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicinski Glasnik"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Aim&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are minimally invasive procedures used in bone augmentation following vertebral fractures when conservative management has failed. Cement injection could leak into surrounding structures leading to post-operative sequelae, which could be symptomatic. This study compared the rate and site of cement extravasation in vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, and a combined approach. The indications, aetiology, and factors influencing results and the effect of screws were considered.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Methods&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; A retrospective descriptive study of 171 patients was conducted between 2009 and 2021. Only 89 patients had available&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;imaging. The site of cement extravasation was evaluated postoperatively by CT-scan and X-ray.&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Results &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence of cement extravasation between kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty procedures (p=0.004). Age and gender had no significant influence on the rate of cement extravasation. Patients who underwent kyphoplasty had the lowest rate of cement extravasation (46.9%) compared to vertebroplasty (85.2%) and the combined approach (69.2%). The most common site of leakage was in perivertebral veins (37.9%). The use of screws did not indicate a greater risk of cement leak (p=0.652). Bone metastases were the aetiology with the highest cement leakage rate (27.5%).&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Conclusion &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;The use of kyphoplasty alone or in conjunction with vertebroplasty decreases the risk of cement extravasation and subsequent complications compared to vertebroplasty alone. The use of pedicle screws appears to be safe and was not found to increase the risk of cement extravasation.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.17392\/1626-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,21]],"date-time":"2024-04-21T10:28:16Z","timestamp":1713695296000},"page":"176-183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cement extravasation as a complication for kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty procedure: a retrospective analysis of 171 cases"],"prefix":"10.17392","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7892-7696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sultan","family":"Jarrar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science & Technology","place":["Irbid,Jordan"],"department":["Neurosurgery Department"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed M.","family":"AL Barbarawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science & Technology","place":["Irbid,Jordan"],"department":["Neurosurgery Department"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suleiman S.","family":"Daoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science & Technology","place":["Irbid,Jordan"],"department":["Neurosurgery Department"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amer","family":"Jaradat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science & Technology","place":["Irbid,Jordan"],"department":["Neurosurgery Department"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rand","family":"Alkalban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arab Medical Centre","place":["Amman,Jordan"],"department":["Faculty of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Layan","family":"Abu Qayyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health","place":["Amman,Jordan"],"department":["Faculty of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadeem B.","family":"Alabdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health","place":["Amman,Jordan"],"department":["Faculty of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Basel W.","family":"Khurfan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","place":["Irbid,Jordan"],"department":["Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ala\u2019 M.","family":"Al Barbarawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science and Technology","place":["Irbid,Jordan"],"department":["Faculty of Medicine"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziad A.","family":"Audat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jordan University of Science & Technology","place":["Irbid,Jordan"],"department":["Department of Special Surgery"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"49509","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433\u201341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-005-2103-z","article-title":"Vertebro-\/kyphoplasty history, development, results","volume":"31","author":"N.Armsen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261\u20137","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050063","article-title":"Reduced pulmonary function in patients with spinal osteoporotic fractures","volume":"8","author":"C.Schlaich","year":"1998","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"399","key":"ref3","article-title":"Preliminary note on the treatment of vertebral angioma by percutaneous acrylic vertebroplasty","volume":"16","author":"P.Galibert","year":"1987","journal-title":"Presse 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problem?","volume":"14","author":"R.Schmidt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17\u201323","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-007-9013-0","article-title":"Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty: a comparative review of efficacy and adverse events","volume":"1","author":"T.McCall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631\u20138","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200107150-00026","article-title":"Initial outcome and efficacy of \u201ckyphoplasty\u201d in the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures","volume":"26","author":"I.H.Lieberman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983\u20132001","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000229254.89952.6b","article-title":"Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty: a systematic review of 69 clinical 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fracture","volume":"39:E693\u2013700","author":"F.Tom\u00e9-Bermejo","year":"1976","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3411\u20137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-3923-0","article-title":"Risk factors for predicting cement leakage following percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures","volume":"25","author":"J.Ding","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"1228\u20131232","article-title":"Percutaneous treatment of vertebral compression fractures: a meta-analysis of complications","volume":"34","author":"M.J.Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633\u201342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.01.124","article-title":"Risk factors for cement leakage after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty: a meta-analysis of published evidence","volume":"101","author":"Y.Zhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"649\u201354","article-title":"CT evaluation of local leakage of bone cement after percutaneous kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty","volume":"51","author":"I.J.Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336\u201341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0587-z","article-title":"Short segment pedicle screw instrumentation and augmentation vertebroplasty in lumbar burst fractures: an experience","volume":"17","author":"S.Afzal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3\u20136","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2005.18.3.10","article-title":"Kyphoplasty-augmented short-segment pedicle screw fixation of traumatic lumbar burst fractures: initial clinical experience and literature review","volume":"18","author":"F.L.Acosta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"6669840","key":"ref23","article-title":"Comparison of percutaneous kyphoplasty with or without pedicle screw fixation in osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures: a retrospective study","volume":"2021","author":"D.Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref24","article-title":"Cement pulmonary embolism as a complication of percutaneous vertebroplasty in cancer patients","volume":"18","author":"A.Mansour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983\u20132001","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000229254.89952.6b","article-title":"Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty: a systematic review of 69 clinical studies","volume":"31","author":"P.A.Hulme","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1097\u2013102","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism of polymethyl methacrylate during percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty","volume":"183","author":"D.H.Choe","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"182\u20139","article-title":"Pulmonary cement embolism associated with percutaneous vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"L.J.Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthop Surg"}],"container-title":["Medicinski 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