{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T10:58:58Z","timestamp":1775473138496,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicinski Glasnik"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Aim &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;To investigate total homocysteine (tHcy) serum concentration in patients with probable vascular dementia (VD) and in agematched controls, as well as to determine an association between tHcy serum concentration and cognitive impairment in patients with probable VD. &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Methods &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Serum concentration of tHcy was determined by the Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay on the AxSYM System. Cognitive impairment was tested by the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each subject included in the study. &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Results&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Age, systolic, diastolic blood pressure and BMI did not differ significantly between the two groups. Mean serum tHcy concentration in the control group of subjects was 13.35 &amp;amp;micro;mol\/L, while in patients with probable VD it was significantly higher, 19.45 &amp;amp;micro;mol\/L (p=0.002). A negative but insignificant association between serum tHcy concentration and cognitive impairment in patients with probable VD was found. &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Conclusion &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;Increased tHcy concentration in patients with probable VD suggests the possible independent role of Hcy in the pathogenesis of VD.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.17392\/916-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,21]],"date-time":"2024-04-21T10:36:45Z","timestamp":1713695805000},"page":"257-261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serum homocysteine levels in patients with probable vascular dementia"],"prefix":"10.17392","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3191-6356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salem","family":"Alajbegovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cantonal Hospital, Zenica","place":["Zenica,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Orhan","family":"Lepara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Sarajevo","place":["Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department of Human Physiology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Almira","family":"Had\u017eovi\u0107-D\u017euvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Sarajevo","place":["Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department of Human Physiology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alma","family":"Muteveli\u0107-Turkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Sarajevo","place":["Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department of Human Physiology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lejla","family":"Alajbegovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Representative office of Berlin-Chemie AG in Sarajevo","place":["Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asija","family":"Za\u0107iragi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Sarajevo","place":["Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department of Human Physiology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nesina","family":"Avdagi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Sarajevo","place":["Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department of Human Physiology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amina","family":"Valjevac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Sarajevo","place":["Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department of Human Physiology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nermina","family":"Babi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Sarajevo","place":["Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department of Human Physiology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amela","family":"Dervi\u0161evi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Sarajevo","place":["Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department of Human Physiology"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"49509","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"659","article-title":"Neuropathological diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia with implications for Alzheimer's disease","author":"RKalariaR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kalaria RN. Neuropathological diagnosis of vascu-\nlar cognitive impairment and vascular dementia with \nimplications for Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuro-\npathol 2016; 131:659-85.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Role of homocysteine in the development of cardiovascular disease","author":"PGangulyP","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ganguly P, Alam SF. Role of homocysteine in the \ndevelopment of cardiovascular disease. Nutr J 2015; \n14:6.","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.3945\/an.112.002758","article-title":"Homocysteine imbalance: a pathological metabolic marker","author":"KSchalinskeK","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schalinske KL, Smazal AL. Homocysteine imbalan-\nce: a pathological metabolic marker. Adv Nutr 2012; \n3:755-62.","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"233","article-title":"Evaluation of homocysteine level as a risk factor among patients with ischemic stroke and its subtypes","author":"NAshjazadehN","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ashjazadeh N, Fathi M, Shariat A. Evaluation of \nhomocysteine level as a risk factor among patients \nwith ischemic stroke and its subtypes. Iran J Med \nSci 2013; 38:233-9.","journal-title":"Iran J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"16","article-title":"Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) trial: Rationale and design","author":"JSpenceJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Spence JD, Howard VJ, Chambless LE, Malinow \nMR, Pettigrew LC, Stampler M, Toole JF. Vitamin \nIntervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) trial: \nRationale and design. Neuroepidemiology 2001; \n20:16-25.","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"702853","article-title":"Homocysteine as a risk ractor for atherosclerosis: Is its conversion to S-Adenosyl-Lhomocysteine the key to deregulated lipid metabolism","author":"OksanaTehlivetsOksana","year":"2011. 2011","unstructured":"Oksana Tehlivets. Homocysteine as a risk ractor for \natherosclerosis: Is its conversion to S-Adenosyl-L-\nhomocysteine the key to deregulated lipid metaboli-\nsm. J Lipids 2011; 2011:702853.","journal-title":"J Lipids"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"231","article-title":"Atherosclerosis, dementia, and Alzheimer disease in the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging cohort","author":"HDolanH","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dolan H, Crain B, Troncoso J, Resnick SM, Zonder-\nman AB, and OBrien RJ. Atherosclerosis, dementia, \nand Alzheimer disease in the Baltimore longitudinal \nstudy of aging cohort. Ann Neurol 2010; 68:231-40.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"5118","article-title":"Meta-analysis of plasma homocysteine content and cognitive function in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia","author":"BWangB","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang B, Zhong Y, Yan H, Cui L. Meta-analysis of \nplasma homocysteine content and cognitive function \nin elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease and vas-\ncular dementia. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 5118-23.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"10","article-title":"Association of MTHFR, SLC19A1 genetic polymorphism, serum folate, vitamin B12 and Hcy status with cognitive functions in Chinese adults","author":"CCaiC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cai C, Xiao R, Van Halm-Lutterodt N, Zhen J, \nHuang X, Xu Y, Chen S, Yuan L. Association of \nMTHFR, SLC19A1 genetic polymorphism, serum \nfolate, vitamin B12 and Hcy status with cognitive \nfunctions in Chinese adults. Nutrients 2016; 8:10.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"250","article-title":"Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies: Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop","author":"GRom\u00e1nG","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rom\u00e1n GC, Tatemichi KT, Erkinjuntti T, Cummin-\ngs JL, Masdeu JC, Garcia JH, Amaducci L, Orgo-\ngozo JM, Brun A, Hofman Al. Vascular dementia: \ndiagnostic criteria for research studies: Report of the \nNINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology \n1993; 43:250-60.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"189","article-title":"A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","author":"MFolsteinM","year":"1975","unstructured":"Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. \"Mini-men-\ntal state\". A practical method for grading the cogniti-\nve state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res \n1975; 12:189-98.","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"6","article-title":"The neurologist role in diagnostics and therapy of the Alzheimer's disease","author":"NLoncarevi\u0107N","year":"2005","unstructured":"Loncarevi\u0107 N, Mehmedika Suli\u0107 E, Alajbegovi\u0107 A, \nKucukali\u0107 A. The neurologist role in diagnostics and \ntherapy of the Alzheimer's disease. Med Arh 2005; \n59:6-9.","journal-title":"Med Arh"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.9.1440","article-title":"Evaluation of the AxSYM homocysteine assay and comparison with the IMx homocysteine assay","author":"PPernetP","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pernet P, Lasnier E, Vaubourdolle M. Evaluation of \nthe AxSYM homocysteine assay and comparison \nwith the IMx homocysteine assay. Clin Chem 2000; \n46:1440-1.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"103","article-title":"Cognitive impairment after cerebrovascular stroke: Relationship to vascular risk factors","author":"EKhedrE","year":"2009","unstructured":"Khedr EM, Hamed SA, El-Shereef HK, Shawky \nOA, Mohamed KA, Awad EM, Ahmed MA, Sheha-\nta GA, Eltahtawy MA. Cognitive impairment after \ncerebrovascular stroke: Relationship to vascular risk \nfactors. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2009; 5:103-16.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"1651","article-title":"Elevated serum homocysteine level is not associated with serum C-reactive protein in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease","author":"OLeparaO","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lepara O, Alajbegovic A, Zaciragic A, Nakas-\nIcindic E, Valjevac A, Lepara D, Hadzovic-Dzuvo \nA, Fajkic A, Kulo A, Sofic E. Elevated serum ho-\nmocysteine level is not associated with serum C-re-\nactive protein in patients with probable Alzheimer's \ndisease. J Neural Transm 2009; 116:1651-6.","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"255","article-title":"A cross-sectional study of homocysteine-, NO-levels, and CT-findings in Alzheimer dementia, vascular dementia and controls","author":"MFolinM","year":"2005","unstructured":"Folin M, Baiguera S, Gallucci M, Conconi MT, Di \nLiddo R, Zanardo A, Parnigotto PP. A cross-sectio-\nnal study of homocysteine-, NO-levels, and CT-fin-\ndings in Alzheimer dementia, vascular dementia and \ncontrols. Biogerontology 2005; 6:255-60.","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.181099","article-title":"Homocysteine and the risk of dementia","author":"SSeshadriS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seshadri S. Homocysteine and the risk of dementia. \nClin Chem 2012; 58:1059-60.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"169","article-title":"Vitamin D, homocysteine, and folate in subcortical vascular dementia and Alzheimer dementia","author":"RMorettiR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moretti R, Caruso P, Dal Ben M, Conti C, Gazzin \nS, Tiribelli C. Vitamin D, homocysteine, and folate \nin subcortical vascular dementia and Alzheimer de-\nmentia. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:169.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000129504.60409.88","article-title":"Plasma homocysteine levels and risk of Alzheimer disease","author":"JLuchsingerJ","year":"2004","unstructured":"Luchsinger JA, Tang MX, Shea S, Miller J, Green \nR, Mayeux R. Plasma homocysteine levels and risk \nof Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2004; 62:1972-6.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"511","article-title":"Homocysteine, B vitamins, and the incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment: results from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging","author":"Mn1HaanMn1","year":"2007","unstructured":"Haan MN1, Miller JW, Aiello AE, Whitmer RA, \nJagust WJ, Mungas DM, Allen LH, Green R. Ho-\nmocysteine, B vitamins, and the incidence of de-\nmentia and cognitive impairment: results from the \nSacramento Area Latino Study on Aging. Am J Clin \nNutr 2007; 85:511-7.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"538","article-title":"Role of Homocysteine in the Ischemic Stroke and Development of Ischemic Tolerance","author":"JLehotsk\u00fdJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lehotsk\u00fd J, Tothov\u00e1 B, Kovalsk\u00e1 M, Dobrota D, \nBe\u0148ov\u00e1 A, Kalensk\u00e1 D, Kapl\u00e1n P. Role of Ho-\nmocysteine in the Ischemic Stroke and Development \nof Ischemic Tolerance. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:538.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.02.027","article-title":"Homocysteine and cerebral small vessel disease in patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic disease. The SMART-MR study","author":"RKloppenborgR","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kloppenborg RP, Nederkoorn PJ, van der Graaf Y, \nGeerlings MI. Homocysteine and cerebral small ve-\nssel disease in patients with symptomatic atheroscle-\nrotic disease. The SMART-MR study. Atherosclero-\nsis 2011; 216:461-6.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"744","article-title":"Correlation between plasma level of homocysteine and cerebral large-artery atherosclerosis","author":"YWangY","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang YJ, He Y, Jiang WJ, Du B, Jin M. Correlation \nbetween plasma level of homocysteine and cerebral \nlarge-artery atherosclerosis. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za \nZhi 2006; 45:744-7.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"7","article-title":"Relation between plasma homocysteine and Alzheimer's Disease","author":"KNilsonK","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nilson K, Gustafson L, Huktberg B. Relation betwe-\nen plasma homocysteine and Alzheimer's Disease. \nDement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2002; 14:7-12.","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"ref25","article-title":"Nivo homocisteina u serumu pacijenata s mogu\u0107om vaskularnom demencijom Salem Alajbegovi\u0107 1 , Orhan Lepara 2* , Almira Had\u017eovi\u0107-D\u017euvo Almira 2","unstructured":"Nivo homocisteina u serumu pacijenata s mogu\u0107om \nvaskularnom demencijom \nSalem Alajbegovi\u0107 1 , Orhan Lepara 2* , Almira Had\u017eovi\u0107-D\u017euvo Almira 2 , Alma Muteveli\u0107-Turkovi\u0107 2 , Lejla \nAlajbegovi\u0107 3 , Asija Za\u0107iragi\u0107 2 , Nesina Avdagi\u0107 2 , Amina Valjevac 2 , Nermina Babi\u0107 2 , Amela Dervi\u0161evi\u0107 2","journal-title":"Alma Muteveli\u0107-Turkovi\u0107"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Predstavni\u0161tvo u Sarajevu; Bosna i Herzegovina SA\u017dETAK Cilj Ispitati koncentraciju ukupnog homocisteina (tHcy) u serumu pacijenata s mogu\u0107om vaskularnom demencijom (VD) i kod ispitanika kontrolne grupe, te utvditi povezanost izme\u0111u nivoa tHcy i kognitivnog o\u0161te\u0107enja kod pacijenata s mogu\u0107om VD-om","unstructured":"1 Odjeljenje za endokrinologiju i dijabetes, Kantonalna bolnica Zenica, 2 Katedra za fiziologiju \u010dovjeka, Medicinski fakultet, Univerzitet u \nSarajevu, Sarajevo, 3 Berlin-Chemie AG, Predstavni\u0161tvo u Sarajevu; Bosna i Herzegovina \nSA\u017dETAK \nCilj Ispitati koncentraciju ukupnog homocisteina (tHcy) u serumu pacijenata s mogu\u0107om vaskularnom \ndemencijom (VD) i kod ispitanika kontrolne grupe, te utvditi povezanost izme\u0111u nivoa tHcy i kognitiv-\nnog o\u0161te\u0107enja kod pacijenata s mogu\u0107om VD-om."},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Indeks tjelesne mase (ITM) izra\u010dunat je za svakog ispitanika uklju\u010denog u studiju","unstructured":"Metode Serumska koncentracija tHcy odre\u0111ivana je metodom fluorescentno-polarizacijskog imunoe-\nseja na AxSYM sistemu. Kognitivno o\u0161te\u0107enje je testirano skorom minimentalnog statusa (MMSE). \nIndeks tjelesne mase (ITM) izra\u010dunat je za svakog ispitanika uklju\u010denog u studiju."},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Utvr\u0111ena je negativna, ali ne signifikantna povezanost izme\u0111u serumske koncentracije tHcy i kognitivnog o\u0161te\u0107enja kod pacijenata s mogu\u0107im VD-om","unstructured":"Rezultati Starosna dob, sistolni i dijastolni krvni pritisak i ITM nisu se zna\u010dajno razlikovale izme\u0111u \ndvije ispitivane grupe. Prosje\u010dna koncentracija tHcy u kontrolnoj grupi iznosila je 13.35 \u00b5mol\/L, dok \nje u grupi pacijenata s mogu\u0107im VD-om bila signifikantno vi\u0161a i iznosila je 19.45 \u00b5mol\/L (p=0.002). \nUtvr\u0111ena je negativna, ali ne signifikantna povezanost izme\u0111u serumske koncentracije tHcy i kognitiv-\nnog o\u0161te\u0107enja kod pacijenata s mogu\u0107im VD-om."},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Zaklju\u010dak Pove\u0107an nivo tHcy kod pacijenata s mogu\u0107im VD-om sugeri\u0161e na mogu\u0107u nezavisnu ulogu Hcy u patogenezi VD-a. Klju\u010dne rije\u010di: neurotoksi\u010dnost, kognitivno o\u0161te\u0107enje, minimentalni status","unstructured":"Zaklju\u010dak Pove\u0107an nivo tHcy kod pacijenata s mogu\u0107im VD-om sugeri\u0161e na mogu\u0107u nezavisnu ulogu \nHcy u patogenezi VD-a. \nKlju\u010dne rije\u010di: neurotoksi\u010dnost, kognitivno o\u0161te\u0107enje, minimentalni status"}],"container-title":["Medicinski Glasnik"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/medicinskiglasnik.ba\/article\/109\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/medicinskiglasnik.ba\/article\/109\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T09:45:13Z","timestamp":1775468713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/medicinskiglasnik.ba\/article\/id\/455\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17392\/916-17","archive":["Internet Archive"],"relation":{"is-cited-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1155\/2018\/2358451","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1155\/2022\/8949048","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1840-0132","1840-0132"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1840-0132","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1840-0132","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]}}}