{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:36:37Z","timestamp":1790346997598,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Medicinski Glasnik"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Aim &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;To analyse the long-term impact of altered metabolism on the level of mediators of inflammatory response in female patients with type 2 diabetes. &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Methods &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;This study included 97 female patients with type 2 diabetes and 107 female, nondiabetic control subjects, who were recruited at the Clinical Centre University of Sarajevo and the General Hospital Te&amp;amp;scaron;anj. The effects of glycaemic control on markers of inflammatory response represented by C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, leukocytes, sedimentation rate, and cytokine IL-6 were tested. All subjects were free of evidence of infections, surgery, thyroid disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, active liver and kidney damage. All biochemical analyses were performed according to standard International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) protocols. &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Results&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; A significant increase of fibrinogen (p&amp;amp;lt;0.001), CRP (p=0.001), interleukin-6 (p=0.013), leukocytes (p&amp;amp;lt;0.001) and sedimentation rate (p=0.008) in diabetic female population compared to control subjects was found. A significant correlation between CRP and haemoglobin A 1c (p=0.035), interleukin-6 and glucose (p=0.032), IL-6 and body mass index (p=0.007) was found. &amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Conclusion&amp;lt;br \/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; Our data suggest that inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes in female diabetic population. A more detailed study on a far larger number of subjects is needed if they were to be used effectively as biomarkers in the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes in this population.&amp;lt;\/p&amp;gt;<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.17392\/920-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,21]],"date-time":"2024-04-21T10:20:46Z","timestamp":1713694846000},"page":"169-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Importance of inflammatory markers and IL-6 for diagnosis and follow up of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.17392","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3392-9778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"Malenica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sarajevo","place":["Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department for Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mira","family":"\u0160ilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinic of Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases","place":["Golnik,Slovenia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Duji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sarajevo","place":["Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department for Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamer","family":"Bego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sarajevo","place":["Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department for Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Semiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sarajevo","place":["Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department for Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis"]},{"name":"International University of Sarajevo","place":["Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selma","family":"\u0160krbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sarajevo","place":["Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department for Clinical Pharmacy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Besim","family":"Prnjavorac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital, Te\u0161anj","place":["Te\u0161anj,Bosnia and Herzegovina"]},{"name":"University of Sarajevo","place":["Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department for Pathophysiology"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adlija","family":"\u010cau\u0161evi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sarajevo","place":["Sarajevo,Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"department":["Department for Biochemistry and Clinical Analysis"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"49509","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes across generations: from pathophysiology to prevention and management","author":"CNolanC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nolan CJ, Damm P, Prentki M. Type 2 diabetes acro-\nss generations: from pathophysiology to prevention \nand management. Lancet 2011; 378: 169-81.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Detecting type 2 diabetes and prediabetes among asymptomatic adults in the United States: modeling American Diabetes Association versus US Preventive Services Task Force diabetes screening guidelines","author":"TDallT","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dall TM, Narayan KM, Gillespie KB, Gallo PD, \nBlanchard TD, Solcan M, O'Grady M, Quick WW. \nDetecting type 2 diabetes and prediabetes among \nasymptomatic adults in the United States: modeling \nAmerican Diabetes Association versus US Preventi-\nve Services Task Force diabetes screening guideli-\nnes. Popul Health Metr 2014; 12:12.","journal-title":"Popul Health Metr"},{"key":"ref3","article-title":"Global report on diabetes. Diabetes country profiles","year":"2016. 2016","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global report on diabe-\ntes. Diabetes country profiles. 2016. Geneva: WHO, \n2016."},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"77","article-title":"Factors associated with a diabetes diagnosis and late diabetes diagnosis for males and females","author":"MRocheM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roche MM, Wang PP. Factors associated with a dia-\nbetes diagnosis and late diabetes diagnosis for males \nand females. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2014; 1:77-84.","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"39","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory cytokines and risk of type 2 diabetes","author":"CHerderC","year":"2013","unstructured":"Herder C, Carstensen M, Ouwens DM. Anti-in-\nflammatory cytokines and risk of type 2 diabetes. \nDiabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15:39-50.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"854","article-title":"Sex differences in the prediction of type 2 diabetes by inflammatory markers: results fromthe MONICA\/KORA Augsburg case-cohort study","author":"BThorandB","year":"1984-2002. 2007","unstructured":"Thorand B, Baumert J, Kolb H, Meisinger C, Cham-\nbless L, Koenig W, Herder C. Sex differences in the \nprediction of type 2 diabetes by inflammatory mar-\nkers: results fromthe MONICA\/KORA Augsburg \ncase-cohort study, 1984-2002. Diabetes Care 2007; \n30:854-60.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"82","article-title":"Sex differences in risk factors for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: the MONI-CA Augsburg cohort study","author":"CMeisingerC","year":"2002","unstructured":"Meisinger C, Thorand B, Schneider A, Stieber J, \nDoring A, Lowel H. Sex differences in risk factors \nfor incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: the MONI-\nCA Augsburg cohort study. Arch Intern Med 2002; \n162:82-9.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"216","article-title":"Sex differencesin the relation of body composition to markers of inflammation","author":"BThorandB","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thorand B, Baumert J, Doring A, Herder C, Kolb \nH, Rathmann W, Giani G, Koenig W; KORA Group. \nSex differencesin the relation of body composition \nto markers of inflammation. Atherosclerosis 2006; \n184:216-24.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"693","article-title":"Inflammatory markers and risk of developing type 2 diabetes in women","author":"FHuF","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hu FB, Meigs JB, Li TY, Rifai N, Manson JE. In-\nflammatory markers and risk of developing type 2 \ndiabetes in women. Diabetes 2004; 53:693-700.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"275","article-title":"Interleukin-6 receptor gene, plasma C-reactive protein, and diabetes risk in women","author":"LQiL","year":"2009","unstructured":"Qi L, Rifai N, Hu FB. Interleukin-6 receptor gene, \nplasma C-reactive protein, and diabetes risk in wo-\nmen. Diabetes 2009; 58:275-8.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"984","article-title":"Body fat is the main predictor of fibrinogen levels in healthy non-obese men","author":"MBoM","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bo M, Raspo S, Morra F, Cassader M, Isaia G, Poli \nL. Body fat is the main predictor of fibrinogen le-\nvels in healthy non-obese men. Metabolism 2004; \n53:984-8.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"215","article-title":"An automated immuno-nephelometric method for the quantitative determination of plasma fibrinogen","author":"JDessertJ","unstructured":"Dessert J, Bocquet P, Belleville J. Later R, Quincy \nC. An automated immuno-nephelometric method for \nthe quantitative determination of plasma fibrinogen. \nPathophysiol Haemos Thromb 1972-73; 1:215-22."},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Human IL-6 Flex Set","year":"02 May 2017","unstructured":"Human IL-6 Flex Set http:\/\/www.bdbiosciences. \ncom\/us\/applications\/research\/bead-based-immunoa-\nssays\/bd-cba-flex-sets\/soluble-proteins\/human\/hu-\nman-il-6-flex-set\/p\/558276. (02 May 2017)"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1356","article-title":"Profile of the immune and inflammatory response in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes","author":"VGrossmannV","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grossmann V, Schmitt VH, Zeller T, Panova-No-\neva M, Schulz A, Laubert-Reh D, Juenger C, Sch-\nnabel RB, Abt TG, Laskowski R, Wiltink J, Schulz \nE, Blankenberg S, Lackner KJ, M\u00fcnzel T, Wild PS. \nProfile of the immune and inflammatory response \nin individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. \nDiabetes Care 2015; 38: 1356-64.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"136","article-title":"Type 2-diabetes is associated with elevated levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and adiponectin and low levels of leptin in a population of Mexican Americans: a cross-sectional study","author":"SMirzaS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mirza S, Hossain M, Mathews C, Martinez P, Pino P, \nGay JL, Rentfro A, McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP. \nType 2-diabetes is associated with elevated levels of \nTNF-alpha, IL-6 and adiponectin and low levels of \nleptin in a population of Mexican Americans: a cro-\nss-sectional study. Cytokine 2012; 57:136-42.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"813","article-title":"Inflammation and activated innate immunity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes","author":"JPickupJ","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pickup JC. Inflammation and activated innate immu-\nnity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes \nCare 2004; 27:813-23.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"98","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease","author":"MDonathM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Donath MY, Shoelson SE. Type 2 diabetes as an in-\nflammatory disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11:98-\n107.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"166","article-title":"Inflammatory markers andrisk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"XWangX","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang X, Bao W, Liu J, Ouyang YY, Wang D, Rong \nS, Xiao X, Shan ZL, Zhang Y, Yao P, Liu LG. In-\nflammatory markers andrisk of type 2 diabetes: a \nsystematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care \n2013; 36:166-75.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"2016","article-title":"Prospective study of C-reactive protein in relation to the development of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in the Mexico City Diabetes Study","author":"THanT","year":"2002","unstructured":"Han TS, Sattar N, Williams K, Gonzalez-Villalpan-\ndo C, Lean ME, Haffner SM. Prospective study of \nC-reactive protein in relation to the development of \ndiabetes and metabolic syndrome in the Mexico City \nDiabetes Study. Diabetes Care 2002; 25:2016-21.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref20","first-page":"872","article-title":"Genetic variation, Creactive protein levels, and incidence of diabetes","author":"ADehghanA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dehghan A, Kardys I, de Maat MP, Uitterlinden \nAG, Sijbrands EJ, Bootsma AH, Stijnen T, Hofman \nA, Schram MT, Witteman JC.Genetic variation, C-\nreactive protein levels, and incidence of diabetes. \nDiabetes 2007; 56:872-8.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref21","first-page":"1040","article-title":"Wareham NJ. Association of C-reactive protein with type 2 diabetes: prospective analysis and metaanalysis","author":"CLeeC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee CC, Adler AI, Sandhu MS, Sharp SJ, Forouhi \nNG, Erqou S, Luben R, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Wa-\nreham NJ. Association of C-reactive protein with \ntype 2 diabetes: prospective analysis and meta-\nanalysis. Diabetologia 2009; 52:1040-7.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"4005","article-title":"Inflammation as a sensor of metabolic stress in obesity and type 2 diabetes","author":"MDonathM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Donath MY. Inflammation as a sensor of metabolic \nstress in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Endocrinology \n2011; 152:4005-6.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S114","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.suppl_2.S114","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and diabetes: the good, the bad, or the indifferent?","author":"OKristiansenO","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kristiansen OP, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Interleukin-6 \nand diabetes: the good, the bad, or the indifferent? \nDiabetes 2005; 54:S114-24.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"327","article-title":"C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus","author":"APradhanA","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pradhan AD, Manson JE, Rifai N, Buring JE, Ridker \nPM. C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and risk of \ndeveloping type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 2001; \n286:327-34.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"57","article-title":"Leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and diabetes incidence in a national sample of US adults","author":"EFordE","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ford ES. Leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentati-\non rate, and diabetes incidence in a national sample \nof US adults. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 155:57-64.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"1598","article-title":"Gamma globulin levels predict type 2 diabetes in the Pima Indian population","author":"RLindsayR","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lindsay RS, Krakoff J, Hanson RL, Bennett PH, \nKnowler WC. Gamma globulin levels predict type \n2 diabetes in the Pima Indian population. Diabetes \n2001; 50:1598-603.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"455","article-title":"High white blood cell count is associated with a worsening of insulin sensitivity and predicts the development of type 2 diabetes","author":"BVozarovaB","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vozarova B, Weyer C, Lindsay RS, Pratley RE, Bo-\ngardus C, Tataranni PA. High white blood cell count \nis associated with a worsening of insulin sensitivity \nand predicts the development of type 2 diabetes. \nDiabetes 2002; 51:455-61.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"276","article-title":"White blood cells count and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young men","author":"GTwigG","year":"2013","unstructured":"Twig G, Afek A, Shamiss A, Derazne E, Tzur D, \nGordon B, Tirosh A. White blood cells count and \nincidence of type 2 diabetes in young men. Diabetes \nCare 2013; 36:276-82.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"120","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokines Il-6 and TNF-alpha and the development of inflammation in obese subjects","author":"KPopkoK","year":"2010","unstructured":"Popko K, Gorska E, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, \nPlywaczewski R, Stoklosa A, Gorecka D, Pyrzak \nB, Demkow U. Proinflammatory cytokines Il-6 and \nTNF-alpha and the development of inflammation in \nobese subjects. Eur J Med Res 2010; 15:120-2.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"4","article-title":"Inflammation: the link between insulin resistance, obesity and diabetes","author":"PDandonaP","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dandona P, Aljada A, Bandyopadhyay A. Inflamma-\ntion: the link between insulin resistance, obesity and \ndiabetes. Trends Immunol 2004; 25:4-7.","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"1693","article-title":"Is visceral fat responsible for the metabolic abnormalities associated with obesity?: implications of omentectomy","author":"SKleinS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Klein S. Is visceral fat responsible for the metabolic \nabnormalities associated with obesity?: implications \nof omentectomy. Diabetes Care 2010; 33:1693-4.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Obesity and its metabolic com","author":"UJungU","unstructured":"Jung UJ, Choi MS. Obesity and its metabolic com-"}],"container-title":["Medicinski Glasnik"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/medicinskiglasnik.ba\/article\/41\/pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/medicinskiglasnik.ba\/article\/41\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T09:43:44Z","timestamp":1775468624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/medicinskiglasnik.ba\/article\/id\/110\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17392\/920-17","archive":["Internet Archive"],"relation":{"is-cited-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2147\/DMSO.S323009","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1198872","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1840-0132","1840-0132"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1840-0132","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1840-0132","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,1]]}}}