{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T22:03:55Z","timestamp":1761948235142},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MRE Press","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This study observed the topographical pattern of hydroxyapatite deposition and growth (D&amp;G) on bleached enamel following application of two antioxidants (sodium ascorbate and catalase) using atomic force microscope. Study design: Twenty enamel specimens (4\u00d73\u00d72mm), prepared from extracted impacted third molars, were mounted in self-cure acrylic and randomly grouped as: Group I-untreated; Group II- 35%H2O2; Group III- 35%H2O2 + artificial saliva; Group IV- 35%H2O2 + catalase+ artificial saliva; Group V- 35%H2O2 + sodium ascorbate+ artificial saliva. Groups I and II were observed immediately after treatment. Groups III-V were observed after 72 hrs. Roughness average was also calculated and analyzed with non-parametric Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: H2O2 dissolved matrix, exposed hydroxyapatite crystals (HACs), causing dissolution on the sides of and within HACs and opening up of nano-spaces. Artificial saliva showed growth of dissoluted crystals. Antioxidants+saliva showed potentiated remineralization by D&amp;G on dissoluted HACs of bleached enamel. Catalase potentiated blockshaped, while sodium ascorbate the needle-shaped crystals with stair-pattern of crystallization. Evidence of oxygen bubbles was a new finding with catalase. Maximum roughness average was in group V followed by group II &amp;gt; group IV &amp;gt; group III &amp;gt; group I. Conclusion: Post-bleaching application of catalase and sodium ascorbate potentiated remineralization by saliva, but in different patterns. 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