{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:48:37Z","timestamp":1760060917510,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Instituto Nacional de Salud (Peru)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. To examine the frequency of depressive symptoms, gender-based violence, and gender-based discrimination among transgender women (TGW) in\u00a0 Lima, Peru, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials\u00a0 and Methods. Between May and July 2021, the non- governmental organization Socios En Salud conducted a cross-sectional study to assess depressive symptoms, gender-based discrimination and violence among TGW\u00a0 identified from a prior study database and peer referral. Descriptive statistics were used to report frequencies,\u00a0 and an exploratory bivariate analysis was performed to examine associations between depressive symptoms and participants\u00b4 characteristics, including experiences\u00a0 of discrimination and violence. Depressive symptoms\u00a0 were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9; gender-based discrimination and violence were\u00a0 measured using adopted instruments. Results. A total of 112 participants were included in the study. Most TGW reported depressive symptoms (81.2%), experiences of gender-based violence (83.8%), and experiences of gender-based discrimination (95.5%). The presence of\u00a0 depressive symptoms was associated with experiences of discrimination in healthcare settings (p &lt; 0.046) and\u00a0 with experiences of violence (p &lt; 0.046). Conclusions. A\u00a0 high frequency of depressive symptoms, as well as\u00a0 experiences of gender-based discrimination and\u00a0 violence, was observed among TGW in Lima, Peru,\u00a0 during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, significant\u00a0 associations were identified between these experiences and the presence of depressive symptoms. These\u00a0 findings are consistent with existing evidence on the\u00a0 mental health impact of the pandemic, but also suggest a disproportionate burden among TGW and highlight the urgent need to address the underlying contributing factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.17843\/rpmesp.2025.423.14287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T19:12:40Z","timestamp":1760037160000},"page":"281-90","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["S\u00edntomas depresivos, violencia y discriminaci\u00f3n en mujeres transg\u00e9nero durante la pandemia de COVID-19: un estudio transversal","Depressive symptoms, violence, and discrimination among transgender women during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.17843","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0656-0036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato Andre","family":"Errea Valdivia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8195-7386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noris Giuliana","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2257-2201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janeth Victoria","family":"Santa-Cruz Paucar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6184-3819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen Cecilia","family":"Contreras Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9132-4902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lourdes Beatriz","family":"Ramos Cordova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1326-8909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Rond\u00f3n Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5760-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Ramos Carhuas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6280-0551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leyla Augusta","family":"Huerta Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1363-3985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonid Wilbert","family":"Lecca Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2015-3170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas Eduardo","family":"Peinado Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7920","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"container-title":["Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud P\u00fablica"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/rpmesp.ins.gob.pe\/index.php\/rpmesp\/article\/download\/14287\/5995","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rpmesp.ins.gob.pe\/index.php\/rpmesp\/article\/download\/14287\/6023","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/rpmesp.ins.gob.pe\/index.php\/rpmesp\/article\/download\/14287\/5995","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T19:12:42Z","timestamp":1760037162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rpmesp.ins.gob.pe\/index.php\/rpmesp\/article\/view\/14287"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17843\/rpmesp.2025.423.14287","relation":{},"ISSN":["1726-4642","1726-4634"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1726-4642","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1726-4634","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]]}}}