{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T05:15:50Z","timestamp":1758086150228,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Academy of Insurance Medicine","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Insur Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objective.\u2014<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This article presents an analysis of mortality data in individuals with a diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency compared to a matched population from a United Kingdom database.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background.\u2014<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Adrenal insufficiency is an easily treated disease, but if undiagnosed and\/or glucocorticoid stress dosing is not appropriately implemented at times of illness, then death may occur.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods.\u2014<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Tabular data on patients with primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency relative to matched controls was generated using the pixel method on the all-cause mortality graph published in the Ngaosuwan et al study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results.\u2014<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Calculated annual mortality rates, excess death rates, and interval mortality rates were higher for both primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency compared to matched controls. And the increased mortality risk appeared to be greater in those with primary adrenal insufficiency compared to those with secondary adrenal insufficiency.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion.\u2014<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Those with primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency have increased mortality compared to their matched cohort, especially in the early years after their diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.17849\/insm-52-2-1-6.2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T19:02:36Z","timestamp":1741287756000},"page":"55-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Mortality in Adrenal Insufficiency Patients"],"prefix":"10.17849","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Grace E Ching","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7324","reference":[{"key":"i0743-6661-52-2-55-ref01","series-title":"J Clin Pathol","first-page":"435","article-title":"Adrenal insufficiency","volume":"75","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar R,\nWassif WS. Adrenal insufficiency. J Clin Pathol. 2022;75:435\u2013442. doi:10.1136\/jclinpath-2021-207895"},{"key":"i0743-6661-52-2-55-ref02","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"613","article-title":"Adrenal insufficiency","volume":"397","author":"Husebye","year":"2021","unstructured":"Husebye ES,\nPearce SH,\nKrone NP,\nK\u00e4mpe O. Adrenal insufficiency. Lancet. 2021;397:613\u2013629. doi:10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00136-7"},{"key":"i0743-6661-52-2-55-ref03","series-title":"Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes","first-page":"165","article-title":"An Update on Addison's Disease","volume":"127","author":"Barthel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barthel A,\nBenker G,\nBerens K, et al. An Update on Addison's Disease. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2019;127:165\u2013175. doi:10.1055\/a-0804-2715"},{"key":"i0743-6661-52-2-55-ref04","series-title":"On the Constitutional and Local Effects of Diseases of The Supra-Renal Capsules","author":"Addison","year":"1855","unstructured":"Addison T. On the Constitutional and Local Effects of Diseases of The Supra-Renal Capsules. London: Warren and Son; 1855."},{"key":"i0743-6661-52-2-55-ref05","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"582","article-title":"Cortisol response to corticotropin and survival in septic shock","volume":"337","author":"Rothwell","year":"1991","unstructured":"Rothwell PM,\nUdwadia ZF,\nLawler PG. Cortisol response to corticotropin and survival in septic shock. Lancet. 1991;337:582\u2013583. doi:10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91641-7"},{"key":"i0743-6661-52-2-55-ref06","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (Cosyntropin) Stimulation Test","author":"Khare","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khare S,\nAnjum F. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (Cosyntropin) Stimulation Test. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023."},{"key":"i0743-6661-52-2-55-ref07","series-title":"J Endocr Soc","first-page":"bvad017","article-title":"The Changing Epidemiology of Adrenal Insufficiency: Iatrogenic Factors Predominate","volume":"7","author":"Rushworth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rushworth RL,\nTorpy DJ. The Changing Epidemiology of Adrenal Insufficiency: Iatrogenic Factors Predominate. J Endocr Soc. 2023;7:bvad017. doi:10.1210\/jendso\/bvad017"},{"key":"i0743-6661-52-2-55-ref08","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"e2759","article-title":"Increased Mortality Risk in Patients With Primary and Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency","volume":"106","author":"Ngaosuwan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ngaosuwan K,\nJohnston DG,\nGodsland IF, et al. Increased Mortality Risk in Patients With Primary and Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106:e2759\u2013e2768. doi:10.1210\/clinem\/dgab096"},{"key":"i0743-6661-52-2-55-ref09","series-title":"J Insur Med","first-page":"107","article-title":"A simple method for computer-based survival curve measurement","volume":"41","author":"Rigatti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rigatti SJ. A simple method for computer-based survival curve measurement. J Insur Med. 2009;41:107\u2013109."},{"key":"i0743-6661-52-2-55-ref10","series-title":"Endocr Connect","first-page":"e220439","article-title":"Etiology, clinical characteristics and mortality among Indian patients with Addison's disease","volume":"12","author":"Gunna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gunna S,\nSingh M,\nPandey R, et al. Etiology, clinical characteristics and mortality among Indian patients with Addison's disease. Endocr Connect. 2023;12:e220439. doi:10.1530\/EC-22-0439"},{"key":"i0743-6661-52-2-55-ref11","series-title":"Int J Endocrinol","first-page":"8907864","article-title":"Characteristics and Challenges of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in Africa: A Review of the Literature","volume":"2022","author":"Mofokeng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mofokeng TRP,\nBeshyah SA,\nRoss IL. Characteristics and Challenges of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in Africa: A Review of the Literature. Int J Endocrinol. 2022;2022:8907864. doi:10.1155\/2022\/8907864"},{"key":"i0743-6661-52-2-55-ref12","series-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis","first-page":"ofae098","article-title":"Prevalence, Clinical Features, and Predictors of Adrenal Insufficiency in Adults With Tuberculosis or HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Kibirige","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kibirige D,\nOwarwo N,\nKyazze AP, et al. Prevalence, Clinical Features, and Predictors of Adrenal Insufficiency in Adults With Tuberculosis or HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024;11:ofae098. doi:10.1093\/ofid\/ofae098"},{"key":"i0743-6661-52-2-55-ref13","series-title":"Lancet Glob Health","first-page":"e851","article-title":"Mortality and socioeconomic status: the vicious cycle between poverty and ill health","volume":"5","author":"Pillay-van Wyk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pillay-van Wyk V,\nBradshaw D. Mortality and socioeconomic status: the vicious cycle between poverty and ill health. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5:e851\u2013e852. doi:10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30304-2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Insurance Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jim.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/insm\/52\/2\/article-p55.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/jim\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.17849\/insm-52-2-1-6.2\/3496669\/10.17849_insm-52-2-1-6.2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jim.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/insm\/52\/2\/article-p55.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/jim.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/insm\/52\/2\/article-p55.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T02:46:28Z","timestamp":1757990788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jim.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/insm\/52\/2\/article-p55.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17849\/insm-52-2-1-6.2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0743-6661"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0743-6661"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}