{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T21:39:35Z","timestamp":1722980375014},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Laeknabladid\/The Icelandic Medical Journal","issue":"03","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["LBL"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>INTRODUCTION: Graves\u2018 disease is an autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies cause an increase in the production of thyroid hormones, and is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis in children. Symptoms in children are often more obscure than in adults. The aim of the study is to assess the incidence of Graves\u2019 disease in children and adolescents in Iceland over the span of two decades (2001-2021), and furthermore to investigate if the incidence rate has increased, as well as to describe treatment options and disease recurrence. MATERIAL\/METHODS: This retrospective descriptive study included all children diagnosed with Graves\u2018 disease in the years 2001-2021 in Iceland. Information was obtained from the Directorate of Health\u2018s drug database and from ICD-10 diagnoses at Landsp\u00edtali \u2013 The National University Hospital. RESULTS: In total, 57 children and adolescents were diagnosed with Graves\u2019, the overall incidence rate was 3.5\/100,000 person-years. Gender ratio was 1:2.7 (male : female) and the mean age at diagnosis was 13.6 for boys and 13.9 years for girls. Of those 12 individuals currently receiving drug therapy (21.8%), four patients have had disease relapse. Thirteen patients reached an euthyroid state with medication (23.7%), 25 received treatment with radioactive iodine (45.5%) and 5 underwent surgery (9.1%). Boys were more likely to relapse. Disease recurrence was 31.8%. CONCLUSION: The incidence of Graves\u2018 disease did not increase during the study period. The disease was more common in girls, although the gender ratio was lower than expected. Antithyroid drugs were the first choice in treatment and radioactive iodine was the most common permanent treatment option. Disease recurrence was common. A possible relationship between the duration of the original drug therapy and disease recurrence should be investigated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.17992\/lbl.2022.03.680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T15:34:57Z","timestamp":1646062497000},"page":"123-129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Graves\u2018 disease in children and adolescents in Iceland"],"prefix":"10.17992","volume":"108","author":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjav\u00edk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00de\u00f3rbergur Atli","family":"\u00de\u00f3rsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ragnar","family":"Bjarnason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjav\u00edk, Childrens Hospital Hringurinn, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjav\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soff\u00eda Gu\u00f0r\u00fan","family":"J\u00f3nasd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Domus Medica, Reykjav\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Berglind","family":"J\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Childrens Hospital Hringurinn, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjav\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7439","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"container-title":["L\u00e6knabla\u00f0i\u00f0"],"original-title":["Graves-sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur \u00ed b\u00f6rnum og unglingum \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u00e1 \u00e1runum 2001-2021"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T15:35:00Z","timestamp":1646062500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.laeknabladid.is\/tolublod\/2022\/03\/nr\/7970"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"03","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17992\/lbl.2022.03.680","relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-7213","1670-4959"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0023-7213"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1670-4959"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]}}}