{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T20:19:55Z","timestamp":1767903595673,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Laeknabladid\/The Icelandic Medical Journal","issue":"01","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["lbl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Survival among extremely preterm infants has increased markedly due to advances in neonatal care. These children remain at elevated risk for neuropsychological difficulties, particularly ADHD, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and executive function deficits, which impacts learning, behavior, and emotional regulation. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of such difficulties at 6\u20137 years of age and the proportion referred to The Councelling and Diagnostic Center (CDC).\n\nMethods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Data from neuropsychological assessments by the Children\u2019s Hospital follow-up care for preterm infants and CDC evaluations were analyzed using RStudio 4.3.3.\n\nResults: The cohort included 60 children born before 28 weeks of gestation and\/or with birthweight below 1000g. 18 (30.0%) were followed at the CDC and 45 underwent neuropsychological assessment at the Children\u2019s Hospital. Attention difficulties were present in 53.3%, executive function deficits in 46.7%, hyperactivity in 28.6%, and signs of ASD in 13.3%. Full-scale IQ could not be determined in 64.4% of the children due to significant discrepancies between subtest scores, making it an unreliable measure of cognitive ability. Significant differences were found in executive function deficits by sex (p = 0.038) and in the ability to obtain a full-scale IQ score (p = 0.01). No significant associations were observed with ADHD or ASD.\n\nConclusion: Neurodevelopmental disorders are common among extremely preterm infants, and the findings suggest that a large proportion of them need to undergo further diagnostic evaluation. The results also indicate that many will require support within the educational and healthcare systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.17992\/lbl.2026.01.873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T15:47:51Z","timestamp":1767887271000},"page":"17-23","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["NeurodevelopmentalDisorders in Preterm Children Born in Iceland Between 2012 and 2017"],"prefix":"10.17992","volume":"112","author":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aldis E","family":"Axelsdottir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7439","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"container-title":["Laeknabladid"],"original-title":["Ranns\u00f3kn. Tauga\u00feroskaraskanir fyrirbura \u00e1 \u00cdslandi sem f\u00e6ddust \u00e1 \u00e1runum 2012 til 2017"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T15:47:51Z","timestamp":1767887271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.laeknabladid.is\/tolublod\/2026\/01\/rannsokn.-taugathroskaraskanir-fyrirbura-a-islandi-sem-faeddust-a-arunum-2012-til-2017"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"01","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17992\/lbl.2026.01.873","relation":{},"ISSN":["0023-7213","1670-4959"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0023-7213","type":"print"},{"value":"1670-4959","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]}}}