{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:53:39Z","timestamp":1792788819866,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Korean Liver Cancer Association","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003653","name":"Korea National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025-ER1904-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025-ER1904-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2025-23525953"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-23525953"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wpjm123","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["e-jlc.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JLC"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Aims: This study aimed to quantify hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence according to a validated prediction score and to define score-based cut-offs corresponding to surveillance-relevant incidence thresholds in Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receiving antiviral therapy.Methods: We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Adults with CHB initiating nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy between 2012 and 2023 were included; those with viral coinfections, prior malignancy, or decompensated cirrhosis were excluded. HCC risk was stratified using the HCC-RESCUE score. Incident HCC was the primary outcome. Annual HCC incidence rates and adjusted hazard ratios were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.Results: Among 199,143 treated patients (median follow-up, 7.3 years), 15,233 developed HCC. Adjusted annual HCC incidence increased progressively across risk strata: 0.31% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.40) in the low-risk group, 1.09% (95% CI, 0.84-1.41) in the intermediate-risk group, and 1.85% (95% CI, 1.44-2.40) in the high-risk group. Compared with the low-risk group, adjusted hazard ratios for HCC were 3.48 (95% CI, 3.35-3.61) and 5.90 (95% CI, 5.62-6.19) in the intermediate- and high-risk groups, respectively (all P&lt;0.001). HCC-RESCUE scores corresponding to annual HCC incidence thresholds of 0.2%, 1.5%, and 3.0% were 47, 66, and 90.Conclusions: In a large antiviral-treated Asian CHB population, prediction score\u2013based stratification revealed a graded spectrum of residual HCC risk and identified incidence-aligned thresholds relevant to surveillance. These findings support incidence-informed refinement of HCC surveillance strategies that complement traditional cirrhosis-based criteria in the antiviral treatment era.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.17998\/jlc.2026.08.23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T06:38:41Z","timestamp":1788417521000},"page":"253-262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17998\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk-based hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance thresholds using a prediction score in Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B: a nationwide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.17998","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3284-2715","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Won","family":"Sohn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7185-9471","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Myeongcheol","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0244-7714","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Danbee","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2686-7812","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ju Yeon","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5435-6166","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jung Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8008-2445","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Soo Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3076-2327","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yong-Han","family":"Paik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7328","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00825-3","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.4551","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20933","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"45","type":"journal-article","volume-title":"Hepatitis B virus long-term impact of antiviral therapy nucleot(s)ide analogues (NUCs)","author":"Grossi","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2013-306409","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.03.018","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.11.035","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2021.0281","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinre.2022.101930","type":"journal-article"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"799","type":"journal-article","volume-title":"Data Resource Profile: The National Health Information database of the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea","author":"Cheol 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