{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:34:26Z","timestamp":1785429266686,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"North Carolina Institute of Medicine","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"background\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tobacco use remains a leading cause of preventable morbidity and premature mortality. In December 2019, the federal age of sale for tobacco products increased from age 18 to age 21. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of federal Tobacco 21 policies in Pitt County, North Carolina, by conducting multiple purchase attempts for cigarettes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"methods\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stores in Pitt County that sold cigarettes were randomly sampled and visited by up to six different underage buyers (aged 18\u201320 years) who attempted to buy cigarettes from January to March 2022. Buyers made a total of 217 cigarette purchase attempts from 49 Pitt County retailers. Analyses were conducted using SPSS Complex Samples (v.28\/Macintosh) to estimate retailer prevalence of requesting identification (ID) and selling to underage buyers across multiple purchase attempts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"results\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On average, retailers failed to request ID in 15.4% of purchase attempts (95% CI; 9.4%\u201321.3%) and sold to an underage buyer 34.2% of the time (95% CI; 27.0%\u201341.4%). Additionally, 75.5% (95% CI; 63.4%\u201384.6%) of retailers sold to an underage buyer at least once.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"limitations\">\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is limited to a single county in North Carolina and to underage buyers aged 18 to 20 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"conclusions\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is widespread noncompliance with federal age-of-sale policies for tobacco products in Pitt County, North Carolina. State enforcement is warranted, and North Carolina\u2019s youth access law should be amended to match the federal age of sale. Changes to the law should allow research involving underage purchases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.18043\/001c.117074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T18:50:33Z","timestamp":1715107833000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retailers\u2019 Compliance with Federal Age of Cigarette Sales Policies \u2013 Pitt County, North Carolina, January\u2013March 2022"],"prefix":"10.18043","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Joseph G. L.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01vx35703","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"East Carolina University","department":["Health Education and Promotion"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0130frc33","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","department":["Cancer Prevention and Control"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Sesay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01vx35703","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"East Carolina University","department":["Health Education and Promotion"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"van de Venne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02k3smh20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Kentucky","department":["Center for Health Equity Transformation"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Y.","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02aqsxs83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Oklahoma","department":["Family and Preventative Medicine"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02aqsxs83","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Oklahoma","department":["TSET Health Promotion Research Center"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Hrywna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05vt9qd57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","department":["Rutgers Institute for Nicotine and Tobacco Studies"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyanika W.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02k3smh20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Kentucky","department":["Center for Health Equity Transformation"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristine D.","family":"Delnevo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05vt9qd57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","department":["Rutgers Institute for Nicotine and Tobacco Studies"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7507","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntab093","article-title":"Beyond strong enforcement: Understanding the factors related to retailer compliance with Tobacco 21","volume":"23","author":"M. 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