{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:25:06Z","timestamp":1787023506450,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Ideggyogyaszati Szemle Journal","issue":"5-6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ideggyogy Sz"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Somatic symptoms without a clear-cut organic or biomedical background, also called \u201cmedically unexplained\u201d or \u201csomatoform\u201d symptoms, are frequent in primary and secondary health care. They are often accompanied by depression and\/or anxiety, and cause functional impairment. The Patient Health Question\u00adnaire Somatic Symptom Scale (PHQ-15) was developed to measure somatic symptom distress based on the frequency and bothersomeness of non-specific somatic symptoms. The study aimed to (1) evaluate the Hungarian version of the PHQ-15 from a psychometric point of view; (2) replicate the bifactor structure and associations with negative affect described in the literature; and (3) provide the Hungarian clinical and scientific community with reference (normal) values split by sex and age groups. PHQ-15, depression (BDI-R), and subjective well-being (WHO-5) scores obtained from a large (n = 5020) and close to representative community sample (Hun\u00adgarostudy 2006) were subjected to correlation analysis and linear structural equation modeling. The PHQ-15 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s \u03b1 = 0.810; McDonald\u2019s \u03c9 = 0.819) and moderate to strong correlation with the BDI-R (rs = .49, p &lt; 0.001) and WHO-5 (rs = -.48, p &lt; 0.001). Fit of the bifactor structure was excellent; in independent analyses, the general factor was strongly associated with depression (\u03b2 = 0.656\u00b10.017, p &lt; 0.001) and well-being (\u03b2 = -0.575\u00b10.015, p &lt; 0.001), whereas the symptom specific factors were only weakly or not related to these constructs. The PHQ-15 score was higher in females and showed a weak positive association with age. The Hungarian PHQ-15 is a psychometrically sound scale which is positively associated with depression and ne\u00adgatively related to subjective well-being. The bifactor structure indicates the existence and meaningfulness of a gene\u00adral factor representing the affective-motivational component of somatic symptom distress. The Hungarian version of the PHQ-15 is a brief and usable tool for the pre-screening of somatization disorder (DSM-IV) or somatic symptom disorder (DSM-5). The reported reference values can be used in the future for both clinical and research purposes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18071\/isz.74.0183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T07:55:07Z","timestamp":1622793307000},"page":"183-190","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Validation of the Hungarian PHQ-15. A latent variable approach"],"prefix":"10.18071","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Stauder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Witth\u00f6ft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferenc","family":"K\u00f6teles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7411","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"container-title":["Ideggy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati szemle"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T07:55:11Z","timestamp":1622793311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/elitmed.hu\/en\/publications\/clinical-neuroscience\/validation-of-the-hungarian-phq-15-a-latent-variable-approach"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18071\/isz.74.0183","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-1442","2498-6208"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-1442","type":"print"},{"value":"2498-6208","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}