{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T17:32:11Z","timestamp":1793640731425,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":null,"issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]],"date-time":"2021-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/lib.ossn.ru\/jour\/about\/editorialPolicies#openAccessPolicy"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Kardiologiia"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Aim\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    To evaluate the clinical picture and factors associated with unfavorable outcomes in admitted patients with COVID-19.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Material and methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    This study included all patients admitted to the COVID Center of the National Research Center of Cardiology of the Russian Ministry of Health Care from May 1 through May 31, 2020. Clinical demographic, laboratory, and instrumental indexes and associated factors were studied with one-way and multivariate logistic regression analysis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    This study included 402 patients aged 18 to 95 years (mean age, 62.9\u00b114.6 years); 43.0\u200a% of them were older than 65 years. COVID-19 was frequently associated with chronic comorbidities, including arterial hypertension (74.4\u200a%), obesity (41.6\u200a%), history of ischemic heart disease (12.9\u200a%), atrial fibrillation (18.9\u200a%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (13.0\u200a%), and oncological diseases (9.2\u200a%). 13.0\u200a% of patients were smokers; less than 10% had chronic lung diseases. 3.9% of patients had a combination of COVID-19 and acute coronary pathology, including acute myocardial infarction (MI) in 3.2\u200a% (13) and unstable angina in 0.7\u200a% (3). The most frequent clinical manifestation of COVID-19 were four symptoms: cough (81.1\u200a%), weakness (80.3\u200a%), shortness of breath (71.6\u200a%), and fever (62.7\u200a%). 46.5% of patients had shortage of breath and chest pain\/compression, 40.3% had headache, 31.1% had myalgia, 28.8% had anosmia, and 25.5% had ageusia. Arterial oxygen saturation was &lt;93.0\u200a% in 55.7\u200a% of cases. According to laboratory blood tests the patients had anemia (58.2\u200a%), lymphopenia (34.8\u200a%), neutropenia (19.2\u200a%), thrombocytopenia (11.9\u200a%), and increased levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP, 87.3\u200a%), interleukin-6 (89.3\u200a%), ferritin (62.1\u200a%), and D-dimer (49.2\u200a%). 56.2% of patients required various regimens of oxygen support. 83 (20.6%) patients were admitted to intensive care and resuscitation units; invasive artificial ventilation was performed only for 34 (8.5\u200a%) patients. In-hospital mortality was 7.7\u200a% (31\u200a\/\u200a402). One-way regression analysis identified major factors associated with death during the stay in the hospital: age &gt;55 years, NEWS scale score &gt;4.0, oxygen saturation &lt;92.0\u200a%, blood glucose &gt;5.4 mmol\/l, hs-CRP &gt;25.7\u2008mg\/l, and creatinine clearance &lt;72.0\u2008ml\/min. Furthermore, the risk increased with increasing degree of changes in each factor. According to results of the multivariate regression analysis, three most significant predictors of the hard endpoint, all-cause death during the stay in the hospital, were more than 5-fold increases in aspartate aminotransferase and\/or alanine aminotransferase compared to normal levels (relative risk (RR) 16.8 at 95\u200a% confidence interval (CI) 5.0\u201356.3, \u0440&lt;0.001), pronounced changes in the lungs consistent with a CT-4 picture as shown by computed tomography (CT) (RR 13.4; 95\u200a% CI 3.9\u201345.5, \u0440&lt;0.001), and MI\/unstable angina during the stay in the hospital (RR 11.3; 95\u200a% CI 1.4\u201390.6, \u0440=0.023). The probability of death was also considerably increased by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, impaired kidney function (creatinine clearance estimated by Cockcroft-Gault &lt;60.0\u2008ml\/min), type 2 DM, oncological diseases, and dementia.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    This study established factors associated with unfavorable outcomes in admitted patients with COVID-19. This will allow identifying in advance patients with a high risk of complications that require increased attention to take more active diagnostic and therapeutic measures at prehospital and hospital stages.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18087\/cardio.2021.2.n1532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T02:53:07Z","timestamp":1615776787000},"page":"4-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Clinical Characteristics and Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Novel Coronavirus Infection COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.68900","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6998-8406","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"S. A.","family":"Boytsov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4165-804X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"N. V.","family":"Pogosova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F. N.","family":"Paleev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. V.","family":"Ezhov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9141-103X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"A. L.","family":"Komarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. V.","family":"Pevsner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. A.","family":"Gruzdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3753-1860","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"I. V.","family":"Barinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Yu.","family":"Suvorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. A.","family":"Alekseeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O. V.","family":"Milko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Moscow"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":null,"published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Pneumonia of unknown cause \u2013 China. [Internet] Available at: http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/don\/05-january2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china\/en\/"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Archived: WHO Timeline \u2013 COVID-19. 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