{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T15:05:05Z","timestamp":1794323105694,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"European Society of Medicine","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MRAJ"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is an autosomal semi-dominant condition characterized by biallelic pathogenic variants impacting low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) function. Affected individuals have severely elevated LDL cholesterol, early onset atherosclerotic heart disease and\/or aortic stenosis, and characteristic clinical findings. While the cause is known and diagnosis is relatively simple, real-world HoFH care presents many complexities, including genetic heterogeneity and the diverse personal and social circumstances that influence care. Genetics-informed treatment involves a trial- and-error approach that warrants specific considerations during pregnancy. Thus, HoFH care requires a deep understanding of personal factors, social determinants of health, and a flexible, adaptable approach to treatment, all of which justify the need for personalized care. Framed by complexity theory, this review offers strategies for personalizing HoFH care, including a reconceptualization of the definition of health and implementing a multidisciplinary team approach. We also recommend integrating complexity theory and systems thinking into clinical care. By doing so, we illustrate the advantages of classifying knowledge complexity to inform clinical decision-making. We also demonstrate how openness to relationship-building and time investment is critical to materializing personalized care to HoFH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18103\/mra.v12i12.6160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]],"date-time":"2025-01-04T03:32:36Z","timestamp":1735961556000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Personalized Medicine Approach is Best for Patients with Homozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia"],"prefix":"10.18103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Morales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Jamison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Heart Foundation, Pasadena, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Hegele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Hemphill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel S.","family":"Gidding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7483","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"container-title":["Medical Research Archives"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/esmed.org\/MRA\/mra\/article\/download\/6160\/99193548744","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/esmed.org\/MRA\/mra\/article\/download\/6160\/99193548744","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:53:59Z","timestamp":1792166039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/esmed.org\/MRA\/mra\/article\/view\/6160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18103\/mra.v12i12.6160","relation":{},"ISSN":["2375-1924","2375-1916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2375-1924","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2375-1916","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]}}}