{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T09:06:16Z","timestamp":1773565576864,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Esmon Publicidad, SA","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Investig Allergol Clin"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The prevalence of anaphylactic shock, the most severe manifestation of anaphylaxis, remains unknown. Risk factors and biomarkers have not been fully identified. Objective: To identify risk factors in patients who experience anaphylactic shock. Methods: Using lipid transfer protein (LTP) allergy as a model, we compared the characteristics of patients who developed anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock. We recorded demographics, pollen sensitization, foods ingested up to 2 hours before onset of the reaction, and the presence of cofactors. Culprit foods were identified through a compatible clinical history and positive allergology work-up (skin prick test and\/or sIgE). Results: We evaluated 150 reactions in 55 patients with anaphylaxis (134 reactions) and 12 with anaphylactic shock (16 reactions). Patients in the anaphylaxis group experienced twice as many reactions (mean [SD], 2.4 [2.5] for anaphylaxis vs 1.3 [1.5] for anaphylactic shock; P&lt;.02). No relationship was found between any food group and severity of the reaction. The most frequent food involved in both groups of patients was the combination of several plant-derived foods (plant food mix), followed by peach and nuts. Indeed, in the reactions caused by plant food mix, the presence of a cofactor was observed more often than in other food groups. On the other hand, cofactors were not present in peach- and nut-related reactions. Exercise was the most frequent cofactor in all groups. Conclusion: In our series, the severity of the reactions was not determined by the kind of food or presence of a cofactor. Anaphylactic shock seems to be an infrequent presentation that may be associated with other individual-related factors requiring further evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18176\/jiaci.0698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T12:02:57Z","timestamp":1620043377000},"page":"282-290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Risk Factors in Severe Anaphylaxis: Which Matters the Most, Food or Cofactors?"],"prefix":"10.18176","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Casas-Saucedo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"de la Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Araujo-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Gelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Riggioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"San Bartolom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Pascal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Bartra Tom\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7491","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"container-title":["Journal of Investigational Allergy and Clinical Immunology"],"original-title":["English"],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T16:00:47Z","timestamp":1658419247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.jiaci.org\/summary\/vol32-issue4-num2534"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18176\/jiaci.0698","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-9068"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-9068","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]}}}