{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:17:45Z","timestamp":1783124265981,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Press of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO Press)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>AIM: To describe the distribution of refractive errors by age and sex among schoolchildren in Soacha, Colombia.\nMETHODS: This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted in five urban public schools in the municipality of Soacha. A total of 1161 school-aged and pre-adolescent children, aged 5-12y were examined during the school year 2021-2022. Examinations included visual acuity and static refraction. Spherical equivalent (SE) was analysed as follows: myopia SE\u2264-0.50 D and uncorrected visual acuity of 20\/25 or worse; high myopia SE\u2264-6.00 D; hyperopia SE\u2265+1.00 D (\u22657y) or SE\u2265+2.00 D (5-6y); significant hyperopia SE\u2265+3.00 D. Astigmatism was defined as a cylinder in at least one eye \u22651.00 D (\u22657y) or \u22651.75 D (5-6y). If at least one eye was ametropic, children were classified according to the refractive error found.\nRESULTS: Of the 1139 schoolchildren included, 50.6% were male, 58.8% were aged between 5 and 9y, and 12.1% were already using optical correction. The most common refractive error was astigmatism (31.1%), followed by myopia (20.8%) and hyperopia (13.1%). There was no significant relationship between refractive error and sex. There was a significant increase in astigmatism (P&amp;#x003C;0.001) and myopia (P&amp;#x003C;0.0001) with age.\nCONCLUSION: Astigmatism is the most common refractive error in children in an urban area of Colombia. Emmetropia decreased and myopia increased with age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2024.12.18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T03:11:37Z","timestamp":1731985897000},"page":"2288-2294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence of refractive errors in school-aged and preadolescent children in Colombia"],"prefix":"10.18240","volume":"17","author":[{"name":"Universidad El Bosque, Facultad de Medicina, Programa de Optometr&#xED;a, Grupo de investigaci&#xF3;n Salud visual y ocular UnBosque, Bogot&#xE1; D.C. 110110, Colombia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Garcia-Lozada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Viviana","family":"Angulo-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Fundaci&#xF3;n Universitaria del &#xC1;rea Andina, Programa de Optometr&#xED;a, Bogot&#xE1; D.C. 110110, Colombia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny Maritza","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Universidad El Bosque, Facultad de Medicina, Programa de Optometr&#xED;a, Grupo de investigaci&#xF3;n Salud visual y ocular UnBosque, Bogot&#xE1; D.C. 110110, Colombia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7543","container-title":["International Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ies.ijo.cn\/en_publish\/2024\/12\/20241218.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T03:11:56Z","timestamp":1731985916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ies.ijo.cn\/gjyken\/ch\/reader\/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20241218&flag=1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18240\/ijo.2024.12.18","relation":{},"ISSN":["2222-3959","2227-4898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2222-3959","type":"print"},{"value":"2227-4898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]}}}