{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T22:42:36Z","timestamp":1783032156250,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Press of International Journal of Ophthalmology (IJO Press)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"abstract":"AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of superselective ophthalmic artery thrombolysis (SOAT) for central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) beyond 24h after onset.\nMETHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of CRAO patients treated from January 2019 to July 2025. Patients were divided into four groups by treatment (SOAT\/conservative) and onset-to-treatment time (<24h\/>24h). Main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, logMAR) and central macular thickness (CMT) assessed via spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), recorded at baseline, 3d and 1mo after treatment. Ocular\/systemic adverse events were documented.\nRESULTS: A total of 109 CRAO participants were enrolled, including 74 males (67.89%) and 35 females (32.11%), with a mean age of 52.30\u00b111.76y. Underlying diseases were hypertension (78 cases, 71.56%), diabetes (40 cases, 36.70%), arterial atherosclerosis with plaque formation (81 cases, 74.31%), hyperlipidemia (14 cases, 12.84%), and hypercholesterolemia (16 cases, 14.68%). Four groups included 25, 28, 26, and 30 cases in Groups 1 (SOAT<24h), 2 (SOAT>24h), 3 (conservative <24h), and 4 (conservative >24h), respectively. In <24h cohort, BCVA improved significantly in both Group 1 (2.36\u00b10.53 to 1.71\u00b10.81 logMAR, P<0.05) and Group 3 (2.42\u00b10.40 to 1.92\u00b10.76 logMAR, P<0.05). In >24h cohort, thrombolysis improved BCVA (1.84\u00b10.88 to 1.31\u00b10.53 logMAR, P<0.05), while conservative treatment showed no significant change (2.04\u00b10.74 to 1.92\u00b10.73 logMAR, P=0.808). Clinically significant improvement (\u22650.3 logMAR) was more frequent with SOAT in both time windows (P<0.05). SOAT significantly reduced CMT in both <24h (256\u00b125.65 to 209\u00b121.22 \u03bcm, P<0.001) and >24h groups (242\u00b123.33 to 204\u00b127.22 \u03bcm, P<0.001), while conservative treatment had no significant effect on CMT (all P>0.05). Adverse events included orbital swelling (11.3%), new cerebral infarction (7.55%), dizziness\/headache (7.55%), and nausea\/vomiting (5.66%). No intracranial hemorrhage occurred.\nCONCLUSION: SOAT provides meaningful visual and anatomical benefit even beyond 24h after symptom onset. However, potential ocular and systemic adverse events necessitate careful patient selection and individualized risk assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2026.04.11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:09:00Z","timestamp":1773756540000},"page":"720-732","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effectiveness and safety of superselective ophthalmic artery thrombolysis beyond 24h in central retinal artery occlusion"],"prefix":"10.18240","volume":"19","author":[{"name":"Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke-Ke","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-Hong","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Ningbo Key Laboratory of Medical Research on Blinding Eye Diseases, Ningbo Eye Institute, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang Province, China","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Hai","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Department of Vascular Intervention, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Department of Vascular Intervention, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, Shaanxi Province, China","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Hua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Medical Center, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518040, Guangdong Province, China","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Ningbo Key Laboratory of Medical Research on Blinding Eye Diseases, Ningbo Eye Institute, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang Province, China","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7543","container-title":["International Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ijo.cn\/gjyken\/article\/pdf\/20260411","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:09:04Z","timestamp":1773756544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ijo.cn\/gjyken\/article\/abstract\/20260411"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18240\/ijo.2026.04.11","relation":{},"ISSN":["2222-3959","2227-4898"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2222-3959","type":"print"},{"value":"2227-4898","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]]}}}