{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T10:29:00Z","timestamp":1793701740435,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Sultan Qaboos University","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is characterised by an accumulation of clonal B cells in the blood, bone marrow and lymphatic tissue. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and immunophenotypic characteristics and survival rate of CLL patients. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Nanakaly Hospital for Blood Diseases &amp; Oncology in Erbil, Iraq, between January 2011 and December 2017. A total of 105 CLL patients were assessed to determine clinical presentation and staging, immunophenotype and survival rate. Results: The median age of the patients was 65 years and 63.8% were male. The main clinical presentations were splenomegaly (64.8%), pallor (61.9%) and lymphadenopathy (60%). More than half of the patients presented at an advanced clinical stage according to the Rai and Binet staging systems (59.1% and 55.2%, respectively). All CLL cases expressed both cluster of differentiation (CD)19 and CD5, 67.6% had monoclonal kappa light chains and 21% expressed CD38. The five-year overall survival (OS) rate was 61.3%. The mean duration of five-year survival was 41.3 months (95% confidence interval: 36.4\u201346.3 months). There were no correlations between survival and sociodemographic, clinical or laboratory characteristics. Conclusion: In comparison to the existing Western literature, Iraqi CLL patients more frequently presented with hepatosplenomegaly and at a more advanced clinical stage. In addition, the five-year OS rate was much lower.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.2018.18.04.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]],"date-time":"2019-03-28T09:15:05Z","timestamp":1553764505000},"page":"e461-467","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Clinical Aspects, Immunophenotypic Analysis and Survival Rate of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Patients in Erbil City, Iraq"],"prefix":"10.18295","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Kawa M","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Clinical Haematology, Nanakaly Hospital for Blood Diseases & Oncology, Erbil, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7681","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]]},"container-title":["Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.squ.edu.om\/index.php\/squmj\/article\/viewFile\/2987\/2584","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.squ.edu.om\/index.php\/squmj\/article\/viewFile\/2987\/2584","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T10:00:10Z","timestamp":1793700010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mjournal.squ.edu.om\/home\/vol18\/iss4\/6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18295\/squmj.2018.18.04.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,28]]}}}