{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T10:27:27Z","timestamp":1793701647950,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Sultan Qaboos University","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This study aimed to assess the correlation between the severity of the initial chest x-ray (CXR) abnormalities in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and the final outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Royal Hospital, Oman between mid-March and May 2020 and included patients who had been admitted with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and had a final outcome. Serial CXRs were identified and examined for presence, extent, distribution and progression pattern of radiological abnormalities. Each lung field was divided into three zones on each CXR and a score was allocated for each zone (0 is normal and 1\u20134 is mild\u2013severe). The scores for all six zones per CXR examination were summed to provide a cumulative chest radiographic score (range: 0\u201324). Results: A total of 64 patients were included; the majority were male (89.1%) and the mean age was 50.22 \u00b1 14.86 years. The initial CXR was abnormal in 60 patients (93.8%). The most common finding was ground glass opacity (n = 58, 96.7%) followed by consolidation (n = 50, 83.3%). Most patients had bilateral (n = 51, 85.0%), multifocal (n = 57, 95.0%) and mixed central and peripheral (n = 36, 60.0%) lung abnormalities. The median score of initial CXR for deceased patients was significantly higher than recovered patients (17 versus 11; P = 0.009). Five CXR evolution patterns were identified: type I (initial radiograph deteriorates then improves), type II (fluctuate), type III (static), type IV (progressive deterioration) and type V (progressive improvement). Conclusion: A higher baseline CXR score is associated with higher mortality rate and poor prognosis in those with COVID-19 pneumonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18295\/squmj.4.2021.061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,18]],"date-time":"2021-04-18T04:18:12Z","timestamp":1618719492000},"page":"98-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["COVID-2019 Pneumonia: &lt;i&gt;Severity and distribution of lung changes observed on the initial chest X-ray as an indicator of final outcomes&lt;\/i&gt;"],"prefix":"10.18295","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Rashid S","family":"Al Umairi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ishaq","family":"Al Salmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jokha","family":"Al Kalbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atheel","family":"Kamona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saqar","family":"Al Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faiza","family":"Al Kindi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research Section, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faryal","family":"Khamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huda","family":"Al Khalili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al Busaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7681","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"container-title":["Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.squ.edu.om\/index.php\/squmj\/article\/download\/4241\/3127","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.squ.edu.om\/index.php\/squmj\/article\/download\/4241\/3127","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T09:42:34Z","timestamp":1793698954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/mjournal.squ.edu.om\/home\/vol22\/iss1\/14"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18295\/squmj.4.2021.061","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-0528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-0528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]}}}