{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T08:40:24Z","timestamp":1737362424669,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"European Publishing","issue":"January","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tobaccopreventioncessation.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tob. Prev. Cessation"],"DOI":"10.18332\/tpc\/195578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T08:08:26Z","timestamp":1737360506000},"page":"1-11","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18332\/tpc\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The trade of illicit cigarettes in Ghana: Insights from a policy synthesis and qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.18332","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Arti","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Dobbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allen","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olivia A","family":"Boateng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Divine Darlington","family":"Logo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Bauld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna B.","family":"Gilmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellis","family":"Owusu-Dabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7717","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1284463","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2021 Global Progress Report on Implementation of the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products. World Health Organization; 2022. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/351734\/9789240041806-eng.pdf?sequence=1"},{"key":"ref-1284464","unstructured":"World Bank Group. Confronting illicit Tobacco Trade: A Global Review of Country Experiences. World Bank Group; 2019. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/677451548260528135\/pdf\/133959-REPL-PUBLIC-6-2-2019-19-59-24-WBGTobaccoIllicitTradeFINALvweb.pdf"},{"key":"ref-1284465","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2020-055980"},{"key":"ref-1284508","unstructured":".World Bank Group. Confronting illicit Tobacco Trade: A Global Review of Country Experiences. World Bank Group; 2019. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/677451548260528135\/pdf\/133959-REPL-PUBLIC-6-2-2019-19-59-24-WBGTobaccoIllicitTradeFINALvweb.pdf."},{"key":"ref-1284466","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03018.x"},{"key":"ref-1284467","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2023: Protect people from tobacco smoke. World Health Organization; 2023. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/372043\/9789240077164-eng.pdf?sequence=1"},{"key":"ref-1284468","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2009.030601"},{"key":"ref-1284469","unstructured":"Euromonitor. Euromonitor International - Analysis. Euromonitor Preprint at (2015)."},{"key":"ref-1284470","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051034"},{"key":"ref-1284471","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062476"},{"key":"ref-1284472","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2013-051099"},{"key":"ref-1284473","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2017-054191"},{"key":"ref-1284474","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29392\/001c.12260"},{"key":"ref-1284475","unstructured":"Implementation of Excise Duty Amendment Act 2023 shows positive signs \u2013 Customs. Ghana News Agency. September 21, 2023. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/gna.org.gh\/2023\/09\/implementation-of-excise-duty-amendment-act-2023-shows-positive-signs-customs\/"},{"key":"ref-1284476","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-056540"},{"key":"ref-1284477","unstructured":"Tobacco Taxation Factsheet: Ghana. International Centre for Tax & Development. Accessed November 5 , 2024. https:\/\/www.ictd.ac\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Ghana_Tobacco_Tax_Factsheet.pdf"},{"key":"ref-1284478","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2020-055843"},{"key":"ref-1284479","unstructured":"Sule, AS. CEPS and the smuggling on Ghana\u2019s border. Ghanadot. March 11, 2016. Accessed November 5, 2024. http:\/\/www.ghanadot.com\/news.ghanadot.sule.042909a.html"},{"key":"ref-1284480","unstructured":"Tobacco Smuggling Cost Gov\u2019t Over Us$3.5m Annually. TMCNET. August 29, 2006. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/www.tmcnet.com\/usubmit\/2006\/08\/29\/1837279.htm"},{"key":"ref-1284481","unstructured":"Customs destroys smuggled cigarettes, Indian hemp. GH Headlines. July 8, 2017. Accessed November 5, 2024. http:\/\/ghheadlines.com\/agency\/ghana-web-\/20170708\/48586518\/customs-destroys-smuggled-cigarettes-indian-hemp"},{"key":"ref-1284482","unstructured":"500 Boxes of smuggled cigarettes destroyed. Graphic Online. April 25, 2016. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/www.graphic.com.gh\/news\/general-news\/500-boxes-of-smuggled-cigarettes-destroyed.html"},{"key":"ref-1284483","unstructured":"Ghana urged to ratify protocol on illicit trade in tobacco products. Clear The Air News Tobacco Blog. June 2, 2015. Accessed Noember 5, 2024. http:\/\/tobacco.cleartheair.org.hk\/?p=9744"},{"key":"ref-1284484","unstructured":"Parliament Ratifies Protocol for the Elimination of Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products. Ghana Justice. June 3, 2019. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/www.ghanajustice.com\/2019\/06\/parliament-ratifies-protocol-for-the-elimination-of-illicit-trade-in-tobacco-products\/"},{"key":"ref-1284485","unstructured":"VALD entreats Parliament to ratify protocol on illicit tobacco trade. News Ghana. June 5, 2015. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/newsghana.com.gh\/vald-entreats-parliament-to-ratify-protocol-on-illicit-tobacco-trade\/"},{"key":"ref-1284486","unstructured":"Excise Tax Stamp. Ghana Revenue Authority. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/gra.gov.gh\/domestic-tax\/tax-types\/excise-tax\/"},{"key":"ref-1284487","unstructured":"Ghana Suspends Track-and-Trace Contract. Tobacco Reporter. November 20, 2020. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/tobaccoreporter.com\/2020\/11\/20\/ghana-suspends-track-and-trace-contract\/"},{"key":"ref-1284488","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2019-055094"},{"key":"ref-1284489","unstructured":"The status of the tracking and tracing system required under the WHO FCTC Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products. Smoke-free Partnership. August 2, 2023. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/www.smokefreepartnership.eu\/news\/sfp-news\/the-status-of-the-tracking-and-tracing-system-required-under-the-who-fctc-protocol-to-eliminate-illicit-trade-in-tobacco-products"},{"key":"ref-1284490","unstructured":"WHO. FCTC 2030. https:\/\/fctc.who.int\/who-fctc\/development-assistance\/fctc-2030 (2023)."},{"key":"ref-1284491","unstructured":"Ghana selected as 2030 WHO tobacco project country. African Tobacco Control Alliance. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/atca-africa.org\/ghana-selected-as-2030-who-tobacco-project-country\/"},{"key":"ref-1284492","unstructured":"Ghana assesses its needs for effective implementation of the WHO FCTC. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/fctc.who.int\/newsroom\/news\/item\/29-09-2022-ghana-assesses-its-needs-for-effective-implementation-of-the-who-fctc"},{"key":"ref-1284493","unstructured":"Smoking in Africa: Low but rising quickly."},{"key":"ref-1284494","unstructured":"Turbulence surrounding tobacco control in Ghana. Devdiscourse. November 20, 2020. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/www.devdiscourse.com\/article\/health\/1314983-turbulence-surrounding-tobacco-control-in-ghana"},{"key":"ref-1284495","unstructured":"West African governments must increase taxes on tobacco for better health and public finances. International Centre for Tax & Development. May 31, 2021. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/www.ictd.ac\/blog\/west-africa-tax-tobacco-health-public-finance\/"},{"key":"ref-1284496","unstructured":"We unpack what some African countries are doing about tobacco control. The Conversation. October 20, 2021. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/theconversation.com\/we-unpack-what-some-african-countries-are-doing-about-tobacco-control-169842"},{"key":"ref-1284497","unstructured":"British American Tobacco Fights Dirty In West Africa. Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project. February 26, 2021. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/loosetobacco\/british-american-tobacco-fights-dirty-in-west-africa"},{"key":"ref-1284498","unstructured":"Abdulai AA. Tobacco smuggling, Who profits? News Ghana. June 3, 2015. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/newsghana.com.gh\/tobacco-smuggling-who-profits\/"},{"key":"ref-1284509","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2017-054191"},{"key":"ref-1284499","unstructured":"How Ghana is Addressing Illegal Tobacco Trading. Ghana News Online. September 9, 2021. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/ghananewsonline.com.gh\/how-ghana-is-addressing-illegal-tobacco-tra\/"},{"key":"ref-1284500","unstructured":"Fiscal and Public Health Impact of a Change in Tobacco Excise Taxes in Ghana. International Centre for Tax & Development. 2020. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/www.ictd.ac\/publication\/fiscal-public-health-impact-change-tobacco-excise-taxes-ghana\/"},{"key":"ref-1284501","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26633\/RPSP.2022.111"},{"key":"ref-1284510","unstructured":".World Health Organization. 2021 Global Progress Report on Implementation of the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products. World Health Organization; 2022. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/351734\/9789240041806-eng.pdf?sequence=1."},{"key":"ref-1284502","unstructured":"Van Walbeek C, Chisha Z. We unpack what some African countries are doing about tobacco control. The Conversation. October 20, 2021. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/theconversation.com\/we-unpack-what-some-african-countries-are-doing-about-tobacco-control-169842"},{"key":"ref-1284503","unstructured":"British American Tobacco: Dirty Deeds in Africa. Tobacco Tactics. September 14, 2021. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/tobaccotactics.org\/wiki\/bat-africa-dirty-deeds\/"},{"key":"ref-1284504","unstructured":"Truth Tobacco Industry Documents. Industry Documents Library. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu\/tobacco\/"},{"key":"ref-1284505","unstructured":"African Tobacco Control Alliance. Africa Regional Tobacco Industry Interference Index. African Tobacco Control Alliance. 2021. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/exposetobacco.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Africa-TI-Interference-Index-Report-2021.pdf"},{"key":"ref-1284506","unstructured":"Africa Tobacco Industry Interference Index 2023. African Tobacco Control Alliance. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/atca-africa.org\/africa-tobacco-industry-interference-index\/"},{"key":"ref-1284507","unstructured":"Imani Center for Policy and Education. STOP: A Global Tobacco Industry Watchdog. Accessed November 5, 2024. https:\/\/exposetobacco.org\/tobacco-allies\/imani-center-for-policy-and-education\/"}],"container-title":["Tobacco Prevention & Cessation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tobaccopreventioncessation.com\/pdf-195578-120450","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tobaccopreventioncessation.com\/pdf-195578-120450","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T08:08:37Z","timestamp":1737360517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tobaccopreventioncessation.com\/The-trade-of-illicit-cigarettes-in-Ghana-Insights-from-a-policy-synthesis-and-qualitative,195578,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"January","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"alternative-id":["195578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18332\/tpc\/195578","relation":{},"ISSN":["2459-3087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2459-3087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Policy case studies","name":"content_type","label":"Content type","group":{"name":"content_type"}},{"value":"Yes","name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer Reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Double blind","name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"13 August 2024","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication history"}},{"value":"6 November 2024","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication history"}},{"value":"20 January 2025","name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication history"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Singh et al.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and licensing"}},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC\u2011BY\u00a04.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and its authors credited.","name":"license","label":"License","explanation":{"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},"group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and licensing"}}]}}