{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T13:00:28Z","timestamp":1785070828368,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"European Publishing","issue":"July","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.tobaccopreventioncessation.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tob. Prev. Cessation"],"DOI":"10.18332\/tpc\/221010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T12:48:56Z","timestamp":1785070136000},"page":"1-12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18332\/tpc\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Validity of the Fagerstr\u00f6m test for nicotine dependence among persons with intellectual disabilities: Cross-sectional evidence from the POWER PID study"],"prefix":"10.18332","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1572-3389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Ben Lakhdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4617-1089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Massin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgane","family":"Le Blanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agn\u00e8s","family":"d'Arripe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Routier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7717","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref-1866790","unstructured":"WHO. Tobacco fact sheet. 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/docs\/default-source\/campaigns-and-initiatives\/world-no-tobacco-day-2020\/wntd-tobacco-fact-sheet.pdf."},{"key":"ref-1866791","unstructured":"Institut national de la sant\u00e9 et de la recherche m\u00e9dicale. D\u00e9ficiences intellectuelles. Expertise Collective \u2013 Synth\u00e8se et recommandations. Paris: Inserm; 2016. 162 p."},{"key":"ref-1866792","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGuire BE, Daly P, Smyth F. Lifestyle and health behaviors of adults with an intellectual disability. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2007;51(7):497-510.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2006.00915.x"},{"key":"ref-1866793","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huxley A, Dalton M, Tsui YYY, Hayhurst KP. Prevalence of alcohol, smoking, and illicit drug use amongst people with intellectual disabilities: Review. Drugs Educ Prev Policy. 2019;26(5):365-84.","DOI":"10.1080\/09687637.2018.1488949"},{"key":"ref-1866794","unstructured":"Ben Lakhdar C, Massin S, Ngugen S, pour la delegation r\u00e9gionale de Nous Aussi. Consommation de tabac et vapotage chez les personnes en situation de handicap intellectuel : une enqu\u00eate dans les Hauts-de-France. Bull \u00c9pid\u00e9miol Hebd. 2024;(22):498-505."},{"key":"ref-1866795","unstructured":"Ben Lakhdar C, Massin S, UNAPEI Hauts-de-France. Le Thermom\u00e8tre de la sant\u00e9 : usages de tabac, d\u2019alcool et de cannabis chez les personnes en situation de handicap intellectuel, Alcoologie Addictol. 2024 ;T44 N2, 14-22."},{"key":"ref-1866796","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Twyman L, Bonevski B, Paul C, Bryant J. Perceived barriers to smoking cessation in selected vulnerable groups: a systematic review of the qualitative and quantitative literature. BMJ Open. 2014;22;4(12):e006414.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006414"},{"key":"ref-1866797","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandberg A, Sk\u00f6ld CM, Grunewald J, Eklund A, Wheelock \u00c5M. Assessing Recent Smoking Status by Measuring Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Levels. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(12): e28864.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028864"},{"key":"ref-1866798","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerstr\u00f6m KO. The Fagerstr\u00f6m Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstr\u00f6m Tolerance Questionnaire. Bri J Addict. 1991;86(9):1119-1127.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x"},{"key":"ref-1866799","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nonnemaker JM, Homsi G. Measurement properties of the Fagerstr\u00f6m Test for Nicotine Dependence adapted for use in an adolescent sample. Addict Behav. 2007;32(1):181-186.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.03.028"},{"key":"ref-1866800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinberg ML, Williams JM, Steinberg HR, Krejci JA, Ziedonis DM. Applicability of the Fagerstr\u00f6m Test for Nicotine Dependence in smokers with schizophrenia. Addict Behav. 2005;30(1):49-59.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.04.012"},{"key":"ref-1866801","unstructured":"A. Belguith Sriha et al. Nicotine dependence and carbon monoxide intoxication among adult smokers. La Tunisie M\u00e9dicale. 2015;93(4),231-236."},{"key":"ref-1866802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P. Sugavanesh and K. Pushpanjali. Nicotine dependence, its risk indicators, and exhaled carbon monoxide levels among the smokers in Bengaluru, India. Indian J Community Med. 2018;43(3):220-223.","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.IJCM_98_18"},{"key":"ref-1866803","unstructured":"Regulation (EU) 2016\/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95\/46\/EC (General Data Protection Regulation)."},{"key":"ref-1866804","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adab P, Pallan M, Whincup P H. Is BMI the best measure of obesity? BMJ. 2018;360:k1274.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1274"},{"key":"ref-1866805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c7akir Altinyaprak E, Fidanci \u0130, Kumbaro\u011flu FB, D\u00fcger T. Evaluation of the effects of addiction levels and physical activity capacities of smokers on exhaled carbon monoxide level. Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2025;26:e46.","DOI":"10.1017\/S1463423625100108"},{"key":"ref-1866806","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jubber, A.S. (2004), Respiratory complications of obesity. Int J Clin Pract. 2004;58:573-580.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1368-5031.2004.00166.x"},{"key":"ref-1866807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holley AB, Carbone T, Holtzclaw AW, Huprikar NA, Wagner R, Morris MJ. Obesity-related Changes in Diffusing Capacity and Transfer Coefficient of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide and Resulting Patterns of Abnormality across Reference Equations. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2023; 20(7):969-975.","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202207-640OC"},{"key":"ref-1866808","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tomlinson OW, Duckworth A, Markham L, Wollerton RL, Gibbons M, Scotton CJ, Williams CA. Body composition, maximal fitness, and submaximal exercise function in people with interstitial lung disease. Respir Res. 2025;26(1):123.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-025-03195-9"},{"key":"ref-1866809","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zavorsky GS, Tesler J, Rucker J, Fedorko L, Duffin J, Fisher JA. Rates of carbon monoxide elimination in males and females. Physiol Rep. 2014;11;2(12):e12237.","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.12237"},{"key":"ref-1866810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Underner M., Peiffer G. Interpr\u00e9tation des valeurs du CO expir\u00e9 en tabacologie. Revue des Maladies Respiratoires. 2010;27(4):293-300.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmr.2009.09.004"},{"key":"ref-1866811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt WFJ, Hoffmeister T, Wachsmuth NB, Byrnes WC. The effect of posture and exercise on blood CO kinetics during the optimized carbon monoxide rebreathing procedure. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2023;83(4):219-226.","DOI":"10.1080\/00365513.2023.2204402"}],"container-title":["Tobacco Prevention &amp; Cessation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tobaccopreventioncessation.com\/pdf-221010-142734","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tobaccopreventioncessation.com\/pdf-221010-142734","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T12:48:58Z","timestamp":1785070138000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.tobaccopreventioncessation.com\/Validity-of-the-Fagerstrom-test-for-nicotine-dependence-among-persons-with-intellectual,221010,0,2.html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"July","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"alternative-id":["221010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18332\/tpc\/221010","relation":{},"ISSN":["2459-3087"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2459-3087","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Research paper","name":"content_type","label":"Content type","group":{"name":"content_type"}},{"value":"Yes","name":"peer_reviewed","label":"Peer Reviewed","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"Double blind","name":"review_process","label":"Review Process","group":{"name":"peer_review","label":"Peer review"}},{"value":"18 February 2026","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication history"}},{"value":"22 April 2026","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication history"}},{"value":"26 July 2026","name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication history"}},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Ben Lakhdar et al.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and licensing"}},{"value":"This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC\u2011BY\u00a04.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and its authors credited.","name":"license","label":"License","explanation":{"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},"group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and licensing"}}]}}