{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T08:32:21Z","timestamp":1770280341229,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Pharm Pharm Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: Gram-negative resistance continues to rise with treatment options becoming more limited. Ceftazidime\/avibactam was recently approved in the United States and Europe, which combines an established third-generation cephalosporin with a new, unique, non-\u03b2-lactam \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor. This review conducts a thorough examination of structure, pharmacology, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics\/pharmacodynamics, in vitro and clinical efficacy and safety\/tolerability of ceftazidime\/avibactam, as well as detailed future directions for the agent. Methods: Pubmed and clinicaltrials.gov searches, as well as abstracts from the 2015 Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy\/International Society of Chemotherapy (ICAAC\/ICC) and ID Week meetings and the 2016 American Society of Microbiology Microbe meeting, were conducted from January 2004 \u2013 September 2016. Relevant search terms included ceftazidime, ceftazidime\/avibactam, avibactam, NXL104 and AVE1330A. The US package insert for ceftazidime\/avibactam (02\/2015) and European public assessment report (06\/2016) were also reviewed. Results: In vitro susceptibility for ceftazidime\/avibactam displayed potent activity against many Enterobacteriaceae including extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing strains, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phase II clinical trials utilized for approval demonstrated comparable safety and efficacy to imipenem\/cilistatin for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (70.4% vs. 71.4%) and combined with metronidazole compared to meropenem in complicated intra-abdominal infections (91.2% vs 93.4%). Phase III data displayed non-inferior efficacy of ceftazidime\/avibactam compared to doripenem for complicated urinary tract infections (70.2% vs 66.2%) and combined with metronidazole compared to meropenem in complicated intra-abdominal infections (82.5% vs 84.9%), as well as comparable safety. Ceftazidime\/avibactam was well-tolerated but does require renal adjustments. Additionally, 3 case series and a single case report have demonstrated the potential for ceftazidime\/avibactam against multidrug resistant organisms for compassionate use or failure after previous therapy. Conclusion: By adding avibactam to ceftazidime, clinicians\u2019 antimicrobial armamentarium is expanded, potentially increasing the ability to combat multi-drug resistant gram-negative pathogens, particularly ESBL and carbapenemase-producing organisms, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.\u00a0This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see \u201cFor Readers\u201d) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue\u2019s contents page.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18433\/j3x31r","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,8]],"date-time":"2016-11-08T22:38:03Z","timestamp":1478644683000},"page":"448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Ceftazidime\/Avibactam: Who Says You Can\u2019t Teach an Old Drug New Tricks?"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Katie E.","family":"Barber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica K.","family":"Ortwine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronda L","family":"Akins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]]},"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy &amp; Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T13:35:12Z","timestamp":1673616912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.library.ualberta.ca\/jpps\/index.php\/JPPS\/article\/view\/28479"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18433\/j3x31r","relation":{},"ISSN":["1482-1826","1482-1826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1482-1826","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1482-1826","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]]}}}