{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:39:27Z","timestamp":1789663167916,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]],"date-time":"2020-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587254400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Pharm Pharm Sci"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme in glutathione and cysteine metabolism. GGT is a standard liver enzyme test reflecting biliary tract involvement. It also has a prooxoidant activity and a modulating influence on endothelia dysfunction. GGT is associated with the metabolic syndrome and is often elevated in patients with NAFLD.\r\nThere is also a role for GGT activity in several aspects cardiovascular disease. There is an association between elevated GGT and cardiovascular mortality, atrial fibrillation, exacerbation of congestive heart failure . In addition there is an association with obstructive sleep apnea.\r\nWe review the evidence available and suggest that there is a need for further assessing the use of GGT, together with the presence of the metabolic syndrome as a prognostic marker.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18433\/jpps30923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T03:00:16Z","timestamp":1587351616000},"page":"65-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Gamma glutamyl transferase \u2013 an underestimated marker for cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Manuela G","family":"Neuman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Malnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Chertin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]]},"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy &amp; Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.library.ualberta.ca\/jpps\/index.php\/JPPS\/article\/download\/30923\/21554","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.library.ualberta.ca\/jpps\/index.php\/JPPS\/article\/download\/30923\/21554","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T08:35:57Z","timestamp":1673598957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.library.ualberta.ca\/jpps\/index.php\/JPPS\/article\/view\/30923"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18433\/jpps30923","relation":{},"ISSN":["1482-1826","1482-1826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1482-1826","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1482-1826","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,19]]}}}