{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T14:26:04Z","timestamp":1772115964997,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Knowledge E DMCC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: he occurrence and characteristics of Extended Spectrum- and AmpC-\u03b2-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE and AmpC-PE) in an urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) were investigated.\r\nMaterials and Methods: A total of 30 wastewater samples were collected from all sections of WWTP. Enterobacterales were isolated and identified using standard microbiological tests. The antibiotic resistance profile was determined by the Kir- by\u2013Bauer disk diffusion method. Phenotypic screening for ESBL-PE and AmpC-PE isolates was performed by double-disk synergy and boronic acid disk potentiation tests, respectively. The isolates were examined for AmpC- and ESBL-encoding genes by PCR and sequencing methods.\r\nResults: Among 146 Enterobacterales isolates, 8.9% (n=13) [ESBL-only; 5.48% (n=8) and ESBL + AmpC; 3.42% (n=5)] were ESBL-producers and 15.75% (n=23) [AmpC-only; 12.33% (n=18) and ESBL + AmpC; 3.42% (n=5)] AmpC-produc- ers. Hafnia spp. with 33.33% (n=1\/3) and E. coli with 20.58% (n=7\/34) [ESBL-only; 17.64% (n=6\/34) and ESBL + AmpC; 2.94% (n=1\/34)] were the most common ESBL-producing bacteria. Enterobacter spp. with 37.50% (n=6\/16) of isolates were the most common AmpC-producing organisms. ESBL- and\/or AmpC-producing isolates were identified in all parts of the WWTP including 80% (n=8\/10) of samples taken from effluent. Among ESBL-producing isolates, bla CTX-M TEM , and bla SHV ESBL-encoding genes were found in 61.5% (n=8), 15.3% (n=2), and 7.7% (n=1) of isolates, respectively. All CTX-M- type enzymes belonged to the CTX-M-1 group and CTX-M-15 subgroup. bla TEM and bla SHV type genes belonged to bla TEM-20 and bla HSV-12 subtypes, respectively. bla with 73.9% (n=17\/23), and bla CIT and bla with 30.4% (n=7\/23) each, were the most common AmpC-encoding genes among AmpC-producing isolates. Overall, 75% of ESBL-producing and 55.5% of AmpC-producing isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance phenotypes. The organisms were most resistant against ampicillin (82.2%) nalidixic acid (43.8%) and cephalexin (41.1%).\r\nConclusion: ESBL- and AmpC-producing Enterobacterales spp. with diverse genetic resistance backgrounds in WWTP effluent poses a significant risk to public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18502\/ijm.v15i4.13506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,3]],"date-time":"2023-09-03T04:13:15Z","timestamp":1693714395000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Characterization of beta-lactamase producing Enterobacterales isolated from an urban community wastewater treatment plant in Iran"],"prefix":"10.18502","author":[{"given":"Kamal","family":"Hasani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Vosoughi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehran","family":"Sardari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meysam","family":"Manouchehrifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohsen","family":"Arzanlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7770","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]]},"container-title":["Iranian Journal of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publish.kne-publishing.com\/index.php\/IJM\/article\/download\/13506\/12727","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publish.kne-publishing.com\/index.php\/IJM\/article\/download\/13506\/12727","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T13:28:00Z","timestamp":1772112480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publish.kne-publishing.com\/index.php\/IJM\/article\/view\/13506"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ijm.tums.ac.ir\/index.php\/ijm\/article\/view\/4167","label":"UNIVERSITY"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/ijm.v15i4.13506","relation":{},"ISSN":["2008-4447","2008-3289"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2008-4447","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2008-3289","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]]}}}