{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T02:54:42Z","timestamp":1785207282312,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Knowledge E DMCC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that frequently leads to asymptomatic infections. Methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) pose a significant threat as they are resistant to most commonly used antibi- otics, complicating treatment efforts. This study aimed to develop chitosan nanogels loaded with vancomycin and IFN-\u03b3 and to assess the expression of the TNF-\u03b1 gene in a cell line infected with MRSA.\r\nMaterials and Methods: Following the synthesis and confirmation of the chitosan nanogels, vancomycin and IFN-\u03b3 were incorporated into these nanogels. The synthesis was validated using DLS, FTIR, TEM, and SEM. Subsequently, the anti- bacterial efficacy of the nanogels was assessed. Finally, four groups of cell lines were designed: control, MRSA, chitosan nanogels and IFN-\u03b3-vancomycin chitosan nanogels. After infection of the groups (except control) with MRSA, 5 \u03bcg\/mL of nanogels, and nanogels (drug and IFN-\u03b3) were added to groups 3 and 4, respectively. Then the expression of TNF-\u03b1 gene in each group was analyzed by RT-PCR at 6 and 24 hours.\r\nResults: At pH 6.5 and 7.4, the MIC of 1 \u03bcg\/mL was obtained for free vancomycin, whereas that of IFN-\u03b3-vancomycin nanogels at both pHs was respectively 8 and 64 \u03bcg\/mL. The IC50 of chitosan nanogels and nanogels loaded with vancomy- cin-IFN-\u03b3 on RAW264.7 cells were 2.37 and 4.15 \u03bcg\/mL in 24 hours, respectively. In group 4 in comparison to the MRSA group, TNF-\u03b1 expression decreased significantly following 24 hours.\r\nConclusion: Loading of vancomycin and IFN-\u03b3 in the chitosan nanogel can reduce TNF-\u03b1 gene expression on MRSA in- fected cell lines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18502\/ijm.v16i5.16794","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T07:05:13Z","timestamp":1729926313000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of chitosan nanogels loaded with vancomycin and gamma interferon on TNF-\u03b1 gene expression in macrophage cell line activated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)"],"prefix":"10.18502","author":[{"given":"Sahar","family":"Arkiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ardeshir","family":"Hesampour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Esrafili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javad","family":"Arasteh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7770","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"container-title":["Iranian Journal of Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publish.kne-publishing.com\/index.php\/IJM\/article\/download\/16794\/15758","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publish.kne-publishing.com\/index.php\/IJM\/article\/download\/16794\/15758","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T11:22:29Z","timestamp":1772104949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publish.kne-publishing.com\/index.php\/IJM\/article\/view\/16794"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ijm.tums.ac.ir\/index.php\/ijm\/article\/view\/4882","label":"UNIVERSITY"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/ijm.v16i5.16794","relation":{},"ISSN":["2008-4447","2008-3289"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2008-4447","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2008-3289","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]}}}