{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T11:57:36Z","timestamp":1785585456615,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Knowledge E DMCC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJPA"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In immunocompromised individuals, Toxoplasma gondii infection can disseminate rapidly, causing severe cerebral and visceral complications. This study aimed to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) via green synthesis and evaluate their therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms in immunosuppressed murine models of toxoplasmosis.\r\nMethods: Mice were immunosuppressed using dexamethasone prior to infection with the Tehran strain of T. gondii. AuNPs were administered orally at 0.5 and 1 mg\/kg, alone or combined with pyrimethamine (PYR; 10 mg\/kg), in a 0.2 mL volume for 14 days. Survival rates were monitored daily. Brain cyst number and size were assessed microscopically. Oxidative stress markers, cytokine levels, and bradyzoite surface antigen 1 (BAG1) gene expression were analyzed by real-time PCR.\r\nResults: Synthesized AuNPs exhibited cubic morphology with an average size of 20\u201330 nm. Combined AuNPs\u2013PYR treatment significantly improved survival and reduced brain cyst burden (P=0.001). Treatment markedly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels while enhancing glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (P&lt;0.01). Gene expression analysis demonstrated downregulation of BAG1 and IL-4 (&lt;1.3-fold) alongside upregulation of IFN-\u03b3 and IL-12 (&gt;4-fold). Hepatic and renal biomarkers were also significantly improved.\r\nConclusion: AuNPs, particularly in combination with PYR, demonstrate significant efficacy against toxoplasmosis in immunosuppressed murine models. Clinical trials are warranted to further assess the safety and therapeutic potential of this combination approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18502\/ijpa.v21i2.22077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:35:14Z","timestamp":1784547314000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Green Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Ameliorate the Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Immunosuppressed Mice"],"prefix":"10.18502","author":[{"given":"Leila Masoori","family":"Masoori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruaa Majid","family":"Khazaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Rashidipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Sepahvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Mahmoudvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7770","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"container-title":["Iranian Journal of Parasitology"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publish.kne-publishing.com\/index.php\/IJPA\/article\/download\/22077\/20501","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publish.kne-publishing.com\/index.php\/IJPA\/article\/download\/22077\/20501","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T11:17:21Z","timestamp":1785583041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publish.kne-publishing.com\/index.php\/IJPA\/article\/view\/22077"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ijpa.tums.ac.ir\/index.php\/ijpa\/article\/view\/4763","label":"UNIVERSITY"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/ijpa.v21i2.22077","relation":{},"ISSN":["1735-7020"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1735-7020","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]}}}