{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:41:33Z","timestamp":1793392893231,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Knowledge E DMCC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJPS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: There has been little effort to conduct systematic reviews or meta-analyses of the available literature to find global prevalence rates of conduct disorder and analyze the sources of heterogeneity.\r\nMethod: We searched multiple databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify cross-sectional studies with random or nonrandom sampling to assess the global prevalence of conduct disorder in children and adolescents aged under 18 in the general or school-based populations. Quality assessment and data extraction were independently carried out by two authors. Subgroup analysis was used to find the potential sources of heterogeneity.\r\nResults: We reached 50 studies, incorporating 186,056 children and adolescents from 35 countries. The total prevalence of conduct disorder was 8% (CI: 7-9%; I2: 99.77%), including 7% in females (CI: 4-9%; I2: 99.56%) and 11% in males (CI: 7-15%; I2: 99.74%). The results of subgroup analysis showed that total heterogeneity could be explained by measurement tools. When diagnostic interviews such as the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children\u2014Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) and Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) were employed, the pooled prevalence rates for conduct disorder were 0.4% and 0.7%, respectively, and heterogeneity decreased. However, the use of the screening tools such as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)-parent or teacher report and SDQ-self report increased the pooled prevalence of conduct disorder to 10% and 16% respectively.\r\nConclusion: The prevalence of conduct disorder in the epidemiological studies should be estimated by employing the diagnostic interviews to reach accurately assessments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18502\/ijps.v16i2.5822","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T11:49:55Z","timestamp":1615981795000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The Global Prevalence of Conduct Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.18502","author":[{"given":"Mohammad-Reza","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Salmanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Keshavarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7770","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"container-title":["Iranian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ec2-18-184-16-47.eu-central-1.compute.amazonaws.com\/index.php\/IJPS\/article\/download\/5822\/5243","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ec2-18-184-16-47.eu-central-1.compute.amazonaws.com\/index.php\/IJPS\/article\/download\/5822\/5243","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T16:25:35Z","timestamp":1734452735000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ec2-18-184-16-47.eu-central-1.compute.amazonaws.com\/index.php\/IJPS\/article\/view\/5822"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ijps.tums.ac.ir\/index.php\/ijps\/article\/view\/2608","label":"UNIVERSITY"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publish.kne-publishing.com\/index.php\/IJPS\/article\/view\/5822","label":"PUBLISHER"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/ijps.v16i2.5822","relation":{},"ISSN":["1735-4587","2008-2215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1735-4587","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2008-2215","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]}}}