{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:23:27Z","timestamp":1780446207566,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Knowledge E DMCC","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["knepublishing.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJRM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and complex metabolic disorder, associated with anovulation, changes in sex hormone, biochemical factors, and ovarian tissue. Royal Jelly (RJ) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.\r\nObjective: To examine the therapeutic effect of RJ on PCOS-related hormonal and biochemical changes in a rat model of PCOS.\r\nMaterials and Methods: In this experimental study, 42 female Wistar rats (weighing 180\u2013200 gr, aged 10\u201312 wk) were divided into six groups (n = 7\/each): control; PCOS; RJ 100 mg\/kg; RJ 200 mg\/kg; PCOS + RJ 100 mg\/kg; and PCOS + RJ 200 mg\/kg. After 21 days, the animals were weighed and dissected. The serums were used for nitric oxide (NO) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and estradiol and progesterone measurements. The ovaries were assessed for histological changes.\r\nResults: PCOS increased estradiol and NO levels, and decreased progesterone and FRAP levels. In PCOS + RJ groups, the progesterone (p = 0.01) and FRAP levels (p \u2264 0.001) increased and the estradiol and NO (p \u2264 0.001) levels decreased significantly. Moreover, the number of mature follicles (p = 0.01) and corpus luteum increased (p \u2264 0.001), and ovarian and uterus weight deceased significantly (p \u2264 0.001).\r\nConclusion: RJ improved estradiol, progesterone, FRAP, and NO levels, and ovarian structure in the rat model of PCOS.\r\nKey words: Royal Jelly, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Ovary, Sex hormone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18502\/ijrm.v19i6.9373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,2]],"date-time":"2021-08-02T07:25:54Z","timestamp":1627889154000},"page":"515-524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/knecrossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Improved hormonal and oxidative changes by Royal Jelly in the rat model of PCOS: An experimental study"],"prefix":"10.18502","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Khazaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Ghanbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2288-4938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mozafar","family":"Khazaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7770","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"115069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pundir J, Charles D, Sabatini L, Hiam D, Jitpiriyaroj S, Teede H, et al. Overview of systematic reviews of non-pharmacological interventions in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod Update 2019; 25: 243\u2013256.","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmy045"},{"key":"115070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naseri L, Khazaei MR, Khazaei M. Synergic effect of bee pollen and metformin on proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells: Rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Food Biochem 2021: e13635.","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13635"},{"key":"115071","unstructured":"Kohzadi M, Khazaei MR, Choobsaz F, Kazaei M. Relationship between serum levels of anti-mullerian hormone, adiponectin and oxidative stress markers in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Fertil Steril 2020; 14: 27\u201333."},{"key":"115072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papalou O, Victor VM, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22: 2709\u20132722.","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160216151852"},{"key":"115073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borzoei A, Rafraf M, Niromanesh Sh, Farzadi L, Narimani F, Doostan F. Effects of cinnamon supplementation on antioxidant status and serum lipids in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 8: 128\u2013133.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2017.04.008"},{"key":"115074","unstructured":"Hassani F, Karami M, Jalali Nadoushan MR, Eftekhari Yazdi P. Nitric oxide-induced polycystic ovaries in the Wistar rat. Int J Fertil Steril 2012; 6: 111\u2013116."},{"key":"115075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basini G, Grasselli F. Nitric oxide in follicle development and oocyte competence. Reproduction 2015; 150: 1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-14-0524"},{"key":"115076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu S, Yu Q, Wang Y, Wang M, Xia W, Zhu C. Letrozole versus clomiphene citrate in polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 297: 1081\u20131088. [","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-018-4688-6"},{"key":"115077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khazaei M, Ansarian A, Ghanbari E. New findings on biological actions and clinical applications of Royal Jelly: A review. J Diet Suppl 2018; 15: 757\u2013775.","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2017.1363843"},{"key":"115078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Husein MQ, Haddad SG. A new approach to enhance reproductive performance in sheep using Royal Jelly in comparison with equine chorionic gonadotropin. Anim Reprod Sci 2006; 93: 24\u201333.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2005.06.012"},{"key":"115079","unstructured":"Sosa-P\u00e9rez G, P\u00e9rez-Ruiz E, P\u00e9rez-Hern\u00e1ndez P, Cortez-Romero C, Gallegos-S\u00e1nchez J. Intravenous administration of Royal Jelly in ovarian activity and ovulatory rate of Pelibuey sheep. Agroproductividad 2017; 10: 42\u201346."},{"key":"115080","unstructured":"Ghanbari E, Khazaei MR, Khazaei M, Nejati V. Royal Jelly promotes ovarian follicles growth and increases steroid hormones in immature rats. Int J Fertil Steril 2018; 11: 263\u2013269."},{"key":"115081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valiollahpoor Amiri M, Deldar H, Ansari Pirsaraei Z. Impact of supplementary Royal Jelly on in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes: Genes involved in apoptosis and embryonic development. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2016; 62: 31\u201338.","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2015.1088102"},{"key":"115082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veshkini A, Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A, Ghanem N, Abazari-kia AH, Mottaghi E, Kamaledini R, et al. Oocyte maturation with Royal Jelly increases embryo development and reduces apoptosis in goats. Anim Reprod 2018; 15: 124\u2013134.","DOI":"10.21451\/1984-3143-2017-AR986"},{"key":"115083","unstructured":"Khazaei M, Pazhouhi M, Khazaei S. Evaluation of hydro-alcoholic extract of Trifolium Pratens L. for its anti-cancer potential on U87MG Cell line. Cell J 2018; 20: 412\u2013421."},{"key":"115084","unstructured":"Khazaei M, Roshankhah S, Ghorbani R, Chobsaz F. Sildenafil effect on nitric oxide secretion by normal human endometrial epithelial cells cultured in vitro. Int J Fertil Steril 2011; 5: 142\u2013147."},{"key":"115085","unstructured":"Naseri L, Khazaei MR, Khazaei M. Potential therapeutic effect of bee pollen and metformin combination on testosterone and estradiol levels, apoptotic markers and total antioxidant capacity in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Fertil Steril 2021; 15: 101\u2013107."},{"key":"115086","unstructured":"Khazaei F, Ghanbari E, Khazaei M. Protective effect of Royal Jelly against cyclophosphamide-induced thrombocytopenia and spleen and bone marrow damages in rats. Cell J 2020; 22: 302\u2013309."},{"key":"115087","unstructured":"Jelodar G, Masoomi S, Rahmanifar F. Hydroalcoholic extract of flaxseed improves polycystic ovary syndrome in a rat model. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2018; 21: 645\u2013650."},{"key":"115088","unstructured":"Desai V, Prasad NR, Manohar SM, Sachan A, Narasimha SRPVL, Bitla ARR. Oxidative stress in nonobese women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8: CC01\u2013CC03."},{"key":"115089","unstructured":"Moti M, Amini L, Mirhoseini Ardakani SS, Kamalzadeh S, Masoomikarimi M, Jafarisani M. Oxidative stress and anti-oxidant defense system in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Iran J Reprod Med 2015; 13: 373\u2013378."},{"key":"115090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenfield RL, Ehrmann DA. The pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): The hypothesis of PCOS as functional ovarian hyperandrogenism revisited. Endocr Rev 2016; 37: 467\u2013520.","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1104"},{"key":"115091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nath P, Maitra S. Physiological relevance of nitric oxide in ovarian functions: An overview. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 279: 35\u201344.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2018.09.008"},{"key":"115092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olson LM, Jones-Burton CM, Jablonka-Shariff A. Nitric oxide decreases estradiol synthesis of rat luteinized ovarian cells: Possible role for nitric oxide in functional luteal regression. Endocrinology 1996; 137: 3531\u20133539.","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.8.8754783"},{"key":"115093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kocot J, Kie\u0142czykowska M, Luchowska-Kocot D, Kurzepa J, Musik I. Antioxidant potential of propolis, bee pollen, and Royal Jelly: Possible medical application. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018; 2018: 7074209. 1\u201329.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7074209"},{"key":"115094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Murri M, Insenser M, Escobar-Morreale HF. Metabolomics in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 429: 181\u2013188.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.12.018"},{"key":"115095","unstructured":"Zafari Zangeneh F, Minaee B, Amirzargar A, Ahangarpour A, Mousavizadeh K. Effects of chamomile extract on biochemical and clinical parameters in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Reprod Infertil 2010; 11: 169\u2013174."},{"key":"115096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reynolds LP, Grazul\u2212Bilska AT, Redmer DA. Angiogenesis in the female reproductive organs: Pathological implications. Int J Exp Pathol 2002; 83: 151\u2013164.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2613.2002.00277.x"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/knepublishing.com\/index.php\/ijrm\/article\/download\/9373\/15722","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/knepublishing.com\/index.php\/ijrm\/article\/download\/9373\/15723","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/knepublishing.com\/index.php\/ijrm\/article\/download\/9373\/15722","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T09:06:05Z","timestamp":1737623165000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/knepublishing.com\/index.php\/ijrm\/article\/view\/9373"},"secondary":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.ssu.ac.ir\/ijrmnew\/article-1-1793-en.html","label":"UNIVERSITY"},{"URL":"https:\/\/knepublishing.com\/index.php\/ijrm\/article\/view\/9373","label":"PUBLISHER"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/ijrm.v19i6.9373","relation":{},"ISSN":["2476-3772","2476-4108"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2476-3772","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2476-4108","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]}}}