{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T18:22:41Z","timestamp":1748802161719,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Knowledge E DMCC","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["knepublishing.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJRM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Nearly 25-50% of infertile women have endometriosis. There are reports of disorders in the expression of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) receptors in women with endometriosis.\r\nObjective: To examine the effect of intrauterine administration of G-CSF in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles on the fertility rate of infertile women with moderate-to-severe endometriosis.\r\nMaterials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 66 infertile women with moderate-to-severe endometriosis, undergoing IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The participants were allocated into two groups via simple randomization: the G-CSF (n = 27) and control (n = 39) groups. In the G-CSF intervention group, on the oocyte pick-up day, immediately after an ovarian puncture, 300 \u03bcg of G-CSF was injected through a transcervical catheter under abdominal ultrasound guide to visualize flushing into the uterine cavity. Women in the control group received no intervention. The two groups were evaluated for clinical pregnancy.\r\nResults: No significant difference was noted in the demographic characteristics of the two groups. The rate of clinical pregnancy was 28.2% in the control group and 25.9% in the G-CSF group, indicating no significant difference (p = 0.83).\r\nConclusion: The results showed that the intrauterine injection of G-CSF had no effects on pregnancy in women with stage-3\/4 endometriosis undergoing IVF.\r\nKey words: G-CSF, In vitro fertilization, Endometriosis, Pregnancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18502\/ijrm.v19i8.9621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T10:01:20Z","timestamp":1632218480000},"page":"733-740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/knecrossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of intrauterine granulocyte-colony stimulating factor administration on in vitro fertilization outcome in women with moderate-to-severe endometriosis: An RCT"],"prefix":"10.18502","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ladan","family":"Kashani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"Moini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tayebeh","family":"Esfidani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazila","family":"Yamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shima","family":"Mohiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7770","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"248972","unstructured":"Dong X, Liao X, Wang R, Zhang H. The impact of endometriosis on IVF\/ICSI outcomes. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2013; 6: 1911\u20131918."},{"key":"248973","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vitale SG, Capriglione S, Peterlunger I, La Rosa VL, Vitagliano A, Noventa M, et al. The role of oxidative stress and membrane transport systems during endometriosis: A fresh look at a busy corner. Oxid Med Cell Longevit 2018; 2018: 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7924021"},{"key":"248974","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benaglia L, Candotti G, Papaleo E, Pagliardini L, Leonardi M, Reschini M, et al. Pregnancy outcome in women with endometriosis achieving pregnancy with IVF. Hum Reprod 2016; 31: 2730\u20132736.","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew210"},{"key":"248975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moldenhauer LM, Keenihan SN, Hayball JD, Robertson SA. GM-CSF is an essential regulator of T cell activation competence in uterine dendritic cells during early pregnancy in mice. J Immunol 2010; 185: 7085\u20137096.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001374"},{"key":"248976","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Young S, Hoff H, Matson B, Fitz V, Yuan L, Mathyk B, et al. Endometriosis reduces granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor (GCSFR) expression: A mechanism reducing GCSF-mediated stromal adrenomedulin expression. Fertil Steril 2017; 108: e82\u2013e83.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.07.257"},{"key":"248977","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barad DH, Yu Y, Kushnir VA, Shohat-Tal A, Lazzaroni E, Lee HJ, et al. A randomized clinical trial of endometrial perfusion with granulocyte colonystimulating factor in in vitro fertilization cycles: Impact on endometrial thickness and clinical pregnancy rates. Fertil Steril 2014; 101: 710\u2013715.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.12.016"},{"key":"248978","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamath MS, Chittawar PB, Kirubakaran R, Mascarenhas M. Use of Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in assisted reproductive technology: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017; 214: 16\u201324.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2017.04.022"},{"key":"248979","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zegers-Hochschild F, Adamson GD, Dyer S, Racowsky C, de Mouzon J, Sokol R, et al. The international glossary on infertility and fertility care, 2017. Hum Reprod 2017; 32: 1786\u20131801.","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex234"},{"key":"248980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Metcalf D. The granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factors. Science 1985; 229: 16\u201322.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2990035"},{"key":"248981","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagata S, Tsuchiya M, Asano S, Kaziro Y, Yamazaki T, Yamamoto O, et al. Molecular cloning and expression of cDNA for human granulocyte colonystimulating factor. Nature 1986; 319: 415\u2013418.","DOI":"10.1038\/319415a0"},{"key":"248982","unstructured":"Cavalcante MB, Costa FDS, Barini R, J\u00fanior EA. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and reproductive medicine: A review. Iran J Reprod Med 2015; 13: 195\u2013202."},{"key":"248983","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eftekhar M, Naghshineh E, Khani P. Role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in human reproduction. J Res Med Sci 2018; 23: 7.","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.JRMS_628_17"},{"key":"248984","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu B, Zhang Q, Hao J, Xu D, Li Y. Two protocols to treat thin endometrium with granulocyte colonystimulating factor during frozen embryo transfer cycles. Reprod Biomed Online 2015; 30: 349\u2013358.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2014.12.006"},{"key":"248985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang L, Xu WH, Fu XH, Huang QX, Guo XY, Zhang L, et al. Therapeutic role of granulocyte colonystimulating factor (G-CSF) for infertile women under in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) treatment: A meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2018; 298: 861\u2013871.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-018-4892-4"},{"key":"248986","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gleicher N, Vidali A, Barad DH. Successful treatment of unresponsive thin endometrium. Fertil Steril 2011; 95: 2123.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.01.143"},{"key":"248987","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Y, Pan P, Chen X, Li L, Li Y, Yang D, et al. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration for infertile women with thin endometrium in frozen embryo transfer program. Reprod Sci 2014; 21: 381\u2013 385.","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719113497286"},{"key":"248988","unstructured":"Eftekhar M, Sayadi M, Arabjahvani F. Transvaginal perfusion of G-CSF for infertile women with thin endometrium in frozen ET program: A nonrandomized clinical trial. 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