{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T16:28:27Z","timestamp":1761841707286,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Knowledge E DMCC","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["knepublishing.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJRM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The benefits of frozen embryo transfer (FET) vs. fresh embryo transfer for in vitro fertilization (IVF) have been discussed in previous studies.\r\nObjective: To determine and compare the pregnancy outcomes following FET and frozen embryo transfer in women who underwent assisted reproductive techniques.\r\nMaterials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 233 women candidates for IVF\/intra cytoplasmic sperm injection who referred to the Kamali Training Medical Center, Karaj, Iran during 2019-2020 were evaluated in 2 groups of fresh (n = 127) and frozen (n = 106) embryo transfers. The rates of pregnancy outcomes including chemical and clinical pregnancy, live birth, preeclampsia, ectopic pregnancy, still birth, and pregnancy loss were compared between groups in 3 age subgroups (&lt; 25, 25-35, and 35-40 yr old).\r\nResults: No significant difference in terms of chemical and clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were observed between groups in women aged &lt; 25 yr. Chemical and clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were significantly higher in the FET group compared to fresh group in 25-35-yr-old women (p = 0.01, p = 0.03, and p = 0.01, respectively). In 35-40-yr-old women, no significant differences were observed in terms of chemical and clinical pregnancy rates, but live birth rate was found to be significantly higher in the FET group (p = 0.02). The pregnancy loss was lower in the FET group (p = 0.038).\r\nConclusion: In conclusion, the FET method in women aged 25-35 yr significantly increases the chance of successful IVF\/intra cytoplasmic sperm injection.\r\nKey words: Assisted reproductive techniques, In vitro fertilization, Embryo transfer, Cryopreservation, Outcome assessment.\u00a0<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18502\/ijrm.v21i7.13891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,27]],"date-time":"2023-08-27T08:10:06Z","timestamp":1693123806000},"page":"551-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/knecrossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The comparison of pregnancy outcomes in fresh and frozen embryo transfer: A cross- sectional study"],"prefix":"10.18502","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ramesh Baradaran","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahshid","family":"Bazrafkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Sabour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Ataei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bita","family":"Badehnoosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Banafsheh","family":"Mashak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bahareh","family":"Khakifirooz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7770","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"243134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang J-Ch, Yi Y-Ch, Shen P-Sh, Guu H-F, Chen Y-F, Kung H-F, et al. Cost-effectiveness of freeze-all policy: A retrospective study based upon the outcome of cumulative live births. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60: 125\u2013131.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2020.11.019"},{"key":"243135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell JL, Hardy P, Greenland M, Juszczak E, Cole Ch, Maheshwari A, et al. E-Freeze: A randomised controlled trial evaluating the clinical and cost effectiveness of a policy of freezing embryos followed by thawed frozen embryo transfer compared with a policy of fresh embryo transfer, in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation: A statistical analysis plan. Trials 2020; 21: 596.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-04441-9"},{"key":"243136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maheshwari A, Pandey Sh, Amalraj Raja E, Shetty A, Hamilton M, Bhattacharya S. Is frozen embryo transfer better for mothers and babies? Can cumulative metaanalysis provide a definitive answer? Hum Reprod Update 2018; 24: 35\u201358.","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx031"},{"key":"243137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Da Silva ShG, da Silveira MF, Bertoldi AD, Domingues MR, da Silva Dos Santos I. Maternal and child-health outcomes in pregnancies following assisted reproductive technology (ART): A prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20: 106.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-2755-z"},{"key":"243138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aflatoonian A, Oskouian H, Ahmadi Sh, Oskouian L. Retraction note to: Can fresh embryo transfers be replaced by cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfers in assisted reproductive cycles? A randomized controlled trial. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30: 1245.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-013-0084-0"},{"key":"243139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aflatoonian A, Karimzadrh Maybodi MA, Aflatoonian N, Tabibnejad N, Amir-Arjmand MH, Soleimani M, et al. Perinatal outcome in fresh versus frozen embryo transfer in ART cycles. Int J Reprod BioMed 2016; 14: 167\u2013172.","DOI":"10.29252\/ijrm.14.3.167"},{"key":"243140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roque M, Lattes K, Serra S, Sola I, Geber S, Carreras R, et al. Fresh embryo transfer versus frozen embryo transfer in in vitro fertilization cycles: A systematic review and meta analysis. Fertil Steril 2013; 99: 156\u2013162.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.09.003"},{"key":"243141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi Y, Sun Y, Hao C, Zhang H, Wei D, Zhang Y, et al. Transfer of fresh versus frozen embryos in ovulatory women. New Engl J Med 2018; 378: 126\u2013136.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1705334"},{"key":"243142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zech J, Brandao A, Zech M, Lugger K, Neururer S, Ulmer H, et al. Elective frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) in women at risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Reprod Biol 2018; 18: 46\u201352.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2017.12.004"},{"key":"243143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shin JJ, Jeong Y, Nho E, Jee BC. Clinical outcomes of frozen embryo transfer cycles after freeze-all policy to prevent ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2018; 61: 497\u2013504.","DOI":"10.5468\/ogs.2018.61.4.497"},{"key":"243144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu JL, Keller P, Kanchwala M, Xing C, Babayev SN, Carr BR, et al. Controlled ovarian stimulation protocols alter endometrial histomorphology and gene expression profiles. Reprod Sci 2020; 27: 895\u2013904.","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-019-00093-6"},{"key":"243145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sha T, Yin X, Cheng W, Massey IY. Pregnancy-related complications and perinatal outcomes resulting from transfer of cryopreserved versus fresh embryos in vitro fertilization: A meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2018; 109: 330\u2013 342.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.10.019"},{"key":"243146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Severino AI, Povoa AM. Frozen embryo transfer and preeclampsia risk. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2021; 50: 102167.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2021.102167"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/knepublishing.com\/index.php\/ijrm\/article\/download\/13891\/22465","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/knepublishing.com\/index.php\/ijrm\/article\/download\/13891\/22473","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/knepublishing.com\/index.php\/ijrm\/article\/download\/13891\/22465","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T06:52:10Z","timestamp":1737442330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/knepublishing.com\/index.php\/ijrm\/article\/view\/13891"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ijrm.ir\/article-1-2493-en.html","label":"UNIVERSITY"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/ijrm.v21i7.13891","relation":{},"ISSN":["2476-3772","2476-4108"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2476-3772"},{"type":"print","value":"2476-4108"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]]}}}