{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T11:37:44Z","timestamp":1782473864424,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Knowledge E DMCC","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["knepublishing.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJRM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: There is no agreement on which of the 2 gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist protocols are the most efficient, neither there is any consensus on which one yields a better clinical pregnancy percentage.\r\nObjective: The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of reduced dosages of long- and short-acting GnRH agonists on pregnancy outcomes.\r\nMaterials and Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 400 women were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 200\/group): the reduced dosage of long-acting GnRH agonist group (group 1, 1.25 mg Decapeptyl) and the short-acting GnRH agonist group (group 2, 0.5 mg\/day Buserelin Acetate). The study was conducted at Mehr Medical Institute, Rasht, Iran between July 2019 and July 2020. Biochemical and clinical pregnancy were compared between groups.\r\nResults: No significant differences were observed in the endometrial lining, the total number of retrieved and metaphase-II oocytes, progesterone, and serum estradiol levels on human chorionic gonadotropin day, fertilization rate, and top-quality embryos between the groups. The duration of induction (10.8 \u00b1 1.7 vs. 10 \u00b1 2.1, p &lt; 0.001) and the total dosage of gonadotropins (2939.4 \u00b1 945.9 vs. 2441 \u00b1 1247.1, p &lt; 0.001) were significantly greater in group 2 than in group 1. No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of implantation rate, chemical pregnancy rate, and clinical pregnancy rate. A higher percentage of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was observed in group 2 (p = 0.005).\r\nConclusion: Due to a lower percentage of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in group 1 and similar assisted reproductive technology outcomes in both groups, the long protocol was found to be superior to the short protocol.\r\nKey words: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, In vitro fertilization, Pregnancy outcome, Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18502\/ijrm.v21i9.14402","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T06:51:52Z","timestamp":1698648712000},"page":"759-766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/knecrossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pregnancy outcome in long- versus short-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist cycles in participants with normal ovarian reserve: An RCT"],"prefix":"10.18502","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Roya","family":"Kabodmehri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasrin Ghanami","family":"Gashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Raoufi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Mehrafza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Nikpouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elmira","family":"Hosseinzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7770","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"242740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siristatidis CS, Gibreel A, Basios G, Maheshwari A, Bhattacharya S. Gonadotrophin\u2010releasing hormone agonist protocols for pituitary suppression in assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 9: CD006919.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006919.pub4"},{"key":"242741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al\u2010Inany HG, Youssef MA, Ayeleke RO, Brown J, Lam WS, Broekmans FJ. Gonadotrophin\u2010releasing hormone antagonists for assisted reproductive technology. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 4: CD001750.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001750.pub4"},{"key":"242742","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim H, Han SJ, Hong YS, Kim SW, Ku S-Y, Suh CS, et al. Optimal oocyte number in controlled ovarian stimulation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist\/antagonist and day 3 fresh embryo transfer. Reprod Sci 2021; 28: 2861-2868.","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00550-1"},{"key":"242743","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ying Y, Yang T, Zhang H, Liu Ch, Zhao J. Prolonged pituitary down-regulation with full-dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in different menstrual cycles: A retrospective cohort study. Peer J 2019; 7: e6837.","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6837"},{"key":"242744","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haydardedeo\u011flu B, K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7da\u011f EB. A novel approach using a minimal number of injections during the IVF\/ICSI cycle: Luteal half-dose depot GnRH agonist following corifollitropin alfa versus the corifollitropin alfa with a GnRH-antagonist cycle. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2016; 17: 155-158.","DOI":"10.5152\/jtgga.2016.16015"},{"key":"242745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen X, Feng Sh-X, Guo P-P, He Y-X, Liu Y-D, Ye D-Sh, et al. Does lower dose of long-acting triptorelin maintain pituitary suppression and produce good live birth rate in long down-regulation protocol for in-vitro fertilization? J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 2016; 36: 215-220.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-016-1569-8"},{"key":"242746","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Umemmuo MU, Efetie ER, Agboghoroma CO, Momoh JA, Ikechebelu JI. Comparison of clinical efficacy of long-versus short-acting gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists for pituitary down regulation in in vitro fertilisation cycles. Niger Postgrad Med J 2020; 27: 171-176.","DOI":"10.4103\/npmj.npmj_65_20"},{"key":"242747","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao C, Huang R, Scherer RW, Liang X-Y. Prognostic factors associated with clinical pregnancy in in vitro fertilization using pituitary down-regulation with depot and daily low-dose luteal phase gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists: A single center's experience. J Hum Reprod Sci 2015; 8: 30-36.","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.153124"},{"key":"242748","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu B, Geerts D, Hu S, Yue J, Li Z, Zhu G, et al. The depot GnRH agonist protocol improves the live birth rate per fresh embryo transfer cycle, but not the cumulative live birth rate in normal responders: A randomized controlled trial and molecular mechanism study. Hum Reprod 2020; 35: 1306-1318.","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa086"},{"key":"242749","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farquhar C, Marjoribanks J. Assisted reproductive technology: An overview of Cochrane reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 8: CD010537.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010537.pub5"},{"key":"242750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schoolcraft WB, Gardner DK, Lane M, Schlenker T, Hamilton F, Meldrum DR. Blastocyst culture and transfer: Analysis of results and parameters affecting outcome in two in vitro fertilization programs. Fertil Steril 1999; 72: 604-609.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00311-8"},{"key":"242751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mao G-H, Feng Z, He Y, Huang Y-R. Comparisons of the effects of long-acting and short-acting GnRH agonists on embryo quality, endometrial thickness and pregnancy rate in human in vitro fertilization. Arch Med Sci 2014; 10: 161-166.","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2014.40743"},{"key":"242752","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yovich JL. Monitoring the stimulated IVF cycle. In: Kovacs GR, Rutherford AJ, Gardner DK. How to prepare the egg and embryo to maximise IVF success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2019. 94-120.","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316756744.008"},{"key":"242753","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blumenfeld Z. What is the best regimen for ovarian stimulation of poor responders in ART\/IVF? Front Endocrinol 2020; 11: 192.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00192"},{"key":"242754","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen Y, Zhao J, Zhang H. Comparative effectiveness of three ovarian hyperstimulation protocol in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles for women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24: 9424-9428.","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.913757"},{"key":"242755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang M-C, Tzeng S-L, Lee C-I, Chen H-H, Huang C-C, Lee T-H, et al. GnRH agonist long protocol versus GnRH antagonist protocol for various aged patients with diminished ovarian reserve: A retrospective study. PLoS One 2018; 13: e0207081.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207081"},{"key":"242756","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lambalk CB, Banga FR, Huirne JA, Toftager M, Pinborg A, Homburg R, et al. GnRH antagonist versus long agonist protocols in IVF: A systematic review and meta-analysis accounting for patient type. Hum Reprod Update 2017; 23: 560-579.","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx017"},{"key":"242757","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu L, Ren X-L, Chen W, Huang B, Zhou Y-F, Jin L. Influence of different gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist administration methods on pregnancy outcomes of patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39: 437-441.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-019-2056-9"},{"key":"242758","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao J, Xu YW, Miao BY, Zhou CQ. Self\u2010control study on reduced\u2010dose depot versus daily administration of gonadotrophin\u2010releasing hormone agonists for pituitary desensitization in in vitro fertilization cycles. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2014; 40: 1901-1906.","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.12417"},{"key":"242759","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duan L, Bao S, Li K, Teng X, Hong L, Zhao X. Comparing the long\u2010acting and short\u2010acting forms of gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone agonists in the long protocol of IVF\/ICSI cycles: A retrospective study. 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