{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:54:05Z","timestamp":1762005245982,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Knowledge E DMCC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["knepublishing.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJRM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Microsurgical 2-layer vasovasostomy is a commonly used technique to treat vasal obstruction in male infertility, and optimizing the surgical approach has important clinical implications.\r\nObjective: To compare the differences between stent-assisted vasovasostomy and the conventional technique in terms of operative time, vasal patency rate, and reproductive function.\r\nMaterials and Methods: This experimental study included 54 male Sprague-Dawley rats (8\u20139 wk, 300 \u00b1 15 gr) and 12 female rats (7\u20138 wk, 250 \u00b1 13 gr, used for co-housing experiments). The male rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 18\/each): control groups, conventional groups, and stent groups. Postoperative assessments were performed at 2, 5, and 8 wk, including operative time, vasal patency rate, morphological changes (such as epithelial integrity and granuloma formation), immune response (serum immunoglobulin G and anti-sperm antibodies), and reproductive function (semen quality, pregnancy rate, and reproductive hormone levels).\r\nResults: The average operative time in the stent group was significantly shorter than in the conventional group (28.8 \u00b1 5.2 min vs. 70.4 \u00b1 4.0 min, p &lt; 0.001). The vasal patency rates were 100% and 91.7%, and the pregnancy rates were 83.3% and 75.0% in the stent-assisted and conventional groups, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of immune response (serum immunoglobulin G, anti-sperm antibodies), semen parameters, or reproductive hormone levels. Histological examination showed that most anastomotic sites exhibited good structural integrity without marked inflammation, with only one rat showing mild granuloma formation.\r\nConclusion: The absorbable protein stent shortens the operative time of vasovasostomy while maintaining favorable patency and reproductive outcomes. It shows promising potential for optimizing microsurgical vasovasostomy in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18502\/ijrm.v23i9.20160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:21:52Z","timestamp":1762003312000},"page":"723-738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/knecrossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of a novel absorbable protein stent for microsurgical vasovasostomy in rats: An experimental study"],"prefix":"10.18502","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Xuchong","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuojie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiarong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Yan Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7770","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"307905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[1] Anderson DJ, Johnston DS. A brief history and future prospects of contraception. Science 2023; 380: 154\u2013158.","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf9341"},{"key":"307906","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[2] Seth I, Gibson D, Bulloch G, Joseph K, Cevik J, Qin KR, et al. Vasovasostomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing macroscopic, microsurgical, and robot-assisted microsurgical techniques. Andrology 2024; 12: 740\u2013767.","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13543"},{"key":"307907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[3] Marks ShHF. Vasectomy reversal: Manual of vasovasostomy and vasoepididymostomy. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2019.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00455-2"},{"key":"307908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[4] Duijn M, van der Zee JA, Bachour Y. Outcomes of three vasovasostomy surgical techniques in vasectomized men: A systematic review of the current literature. 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Fertil Steril 2018; 110: 816\u2013823.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.08.026"},{"key":"307915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[11] Halpern JA, Brannigan RE, Schlegel PN. Fertility-enhancing male reproductive surgery: Glimpses into the past and thoughts for the future. Fertil Steril 2019; 112: 426\u2013437.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2019.06.022"},{"key":"307916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[12] Hu K, Hou Z, Huang Y, Li X, Li X, Yang L. Recent development and future application of biodegradable ureteral stents. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12: 1373130.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1373130"},{"key":"307917","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[13] Rajini SV, Srushti R, Sanchana M, Sarjan HN. Investigation on nitrate induced histological alterations in vas deferens of rats. 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