{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T13:10:27Z","timestamp":1778332227349,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Knowledge E DMCC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["knepublishing.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJRM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is a major cause of female infertility, marked by reduced oocyte quantity and quality. STAG3 and DMC1 are meiosis-specific genes essential for chromosomal integrity and homologous recombination. While their downregulation in granulosa cells of DOR women has been reported, expression in peripheral blood remains unexplored.\nObjective: To evaluate peripheral blood STAG3 and DMC1 expression as potential non-invasive biomarkers in DOR.\nMaterials and Methods: This case-control study included 50 women at Yazd Research Institute, Yazd, Iran, comprising 25 DOR women (anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone &lt; 1.1 ng\/mL) and 25 age-matched controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, RNA extracted by column-based silica method, and gene expression analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using the 2\u2227-\u0394Ct method.\nResults: Demographic analysis revealed no significant differences in age or body mass index between DOR women and controls. As expected, anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone levels (0.61 vs. 2.12 ng\/mL) and antral follicle counts (3.52 vs. 8.64) were significantly lower in the DOR group. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a significant downregulation of STAG3 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of DOR women compared with controls (p = 0.0011). DMC1 expression showed a downward trend but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.1132). These results suggest a potential role of STAG3 dysregulation in DOR pathogenesis.\nConclusion: These findings indicate differential expression of meiotic genes in the peripheral blood of DOR women, supporting STAG3 as a promising non-invasive biomarker for early detection of DOR and contributing to a better understanding of its molecular basis in reproductive medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18502\/ijrm.v24i2.21050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T07:35:22Z","timestamp":1776238522000},"page":"101-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/knecrossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Meiotic gene expression of STAG3 and DMC1 in blood: A novel non-invasive biomarker approach for diminished ovarian reserve: A case-control study"],"prefix":"10.18502","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Khosro","family":"Namjoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Iravani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fateme","family":"Montazeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hassan Jafari Najaf","family":"Abadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mehdi","family":"Kalantar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasrin","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7770","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"330177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[1] Ulrich ND, Marsh EE. Ovarian reserve testing: A review of the options, their applications, and their limitations. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2019; 62: 228\u2013237.","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000445"},{"key":"330178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[2] Concepci\u00f3n-Zavaleta MJ, Coronado-Arroyo JC, Quiroz-Aldave JE, Durand-V\u00e1squez MdC, Ildefonso-Najarro SP, Rafael-Robles LdP, et al. Endocrine factors associated with infertility in women: An updated review. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2023; 18: 399\u2013417.","DOI":"10.1080\/17446651.2023.2256405"},{"key":"330179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[3] Eslamiyeh H, Sefid F, Iravani F. C. 655C> T variant of sepiapterin reductase deficiency: Genetic and bioinformatic analysis. Mol Syndromol 2025; 16: 335\u2013341.","DOI":"10.1159\/000542176"},{"key":"330180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[4] Tang R, Yu Q. Novel variants in women with premature ovarian function decline identified via whole-exome sequencing. 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EMBO J 2014; 33: 1256\u20131270.","DOI":"10.1002\/embj.201387330"},{"key":"330186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[10] Xu W, Yu Y, Jing J, Wu Z, Zhang X, You C, et al. SCFRMF mediates degradation of the meiosis-specific recombinase DMC1. Nat Commun 2023; 14: 5044.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40799-5"},{"key":"330187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[11] Demain LAM, Boetje E, Edgerley JJ, Miles E, Fitzgerald CT, Busby G, et al. Biallelic loss of function variants in STAG3 result in primary ovarian insufficiency. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43: 899\u2013902.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2021.07.003"},{"key":"330188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[12] Federici S, Rossetti R, Moleri S, Munari EV, Frixou M, Bonomi M, et al. Primary ovarian insufficiency: Update on clinical and genetic findings. Front Endocrinol 2024; 15: 1464803.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1464803"},{"key":"330189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[13] Chen M, Jiang H, Zhang C. Selected genetic factors associated with primary ovarian insufficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24: 4423.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054423"},{"key":"330190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[14] Wang H, Sun M, Qin Y, Xia T, Ma J, Chen Z-J. Mutations in DMC1 are not responsible for premature ovarian failure in Chinese women. Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 26: 175\u2013178.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2012.10.016"},{"key":"330191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[15] Cao D, Shi F, Guo C, Liu Y, Lin Z, Zhang J, et al. A pathogenic DMC1 frameshift mutation causes nonobstructive azoospermia but not primary ovarian insufficiency in humans. 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