{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:00:21Z","timestamp":1790600421631,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Knowledge E DMCC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["knepublishing.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJRM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, accounting for approximately 30% of all new cancer diagnoses in women annually.\r\nObjective: Given the prevalence of breast cancer among women, the primary objective of this study was to develop an effective drug delivery system for treating this disease using niosome containing Artemisia plants.\r\nMaterials and Methods: This in vitro study involved the hydroalcoholic extraction of Artemisia using both the Maceration and Soxhlet methods, followed by the evaluation of its antioxidant properties. Niosomal nanoparticles were synthesized via the thin-film hydration technique. Characterization of the nanoparticles, including particle size and zeta potential, was conducted using dynamic light scattering (Zeta Sizer) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity assessment was performed employing the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, with statistical analysis carried out using one-way ANOVA and determination of significance.\r\nResults: This study demonstrated that Artemisia aucheri extract, particularly when obtained via the Soxhlet method using 60% ethanol, exhibited superior antioxidant activity and higher total phenolic\/flavonoid content compared to Artemisia sieberi. The optimized niosomal nanoparticles exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of 87% for A. sieberi (F3) and 93% for A. aucheri (F6). Cumulative release rates over 7 hr were 71% for A. sieberi (F3) and 73% for A. aucheri (F4) extracts. The optimized nanoparticles displayed sizes of 115 nm for A. aucheri (F6) and 79 nm for A. sieberi (F3), along with zeta potentials of -20.6 mV and -25.2 mV, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed successful loading and favorable intermolecular interactions. The cytotoxicity of the encapsulated nanoparticles against Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 cells showed a significant increase compared to their free form (p &lt; 0.05), with blank niosomes showing no notable toxicity. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration values were 254.4 \u03bcg\/mL for encapsulated A. aucheri and 405.8 \u03bcg\/mL for encapsulated A. sieberi.\r\nConclusion: Based on the results, the use of plant extracts and niosomal nanoparticles can be considered a positive step for the treatment of breast cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18502\/ijrm.v24i8.21668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T12:15:27Z","timestamp":1790597727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/knecrossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative study of niosomal nanoparticles encapsulating Artemisia aucheri and Artemisia sieberi extracts on Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 breast cancer cell proliferation: An in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.18502","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Elaheh","family":"Zamani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazem","family":"Kamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Akbar","family":"Seifi Ashkezari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Sodaizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marzieh","family":"Yaeghoobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bibi Fatemeh","family":"Haghiralsadat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7770","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"343887","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[1] Gavas S, Quazi S, Karpi\u0144ski TM. Nanoparticles for cancer therapy: Current progress and challenges. Nanoscale Res Lett 2021; 16: 173.","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-021-03628-6"},{"key":"343888","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[2] Fatemizadeh M, Tafvizi F, Shamsi F, Amiri S, Farajzadeh A, Akbarzadeh I. Apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest and anti-cancer potential of tamoxifen-curcumin loaded niosomes against MCF-7 cancer cells. Iran J Pathol 2022; 17: 183\u2013190.","DOI":"10.30699\/ijp.2022.124340.2358"},{"key":"343889","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[3] Ahmadi SM, Seyedabadi M, Ebrahimnejad P, Abasi M, Nokhodchi A. Efficient delivery of gold nanoparticles and miRNA-33a via cationic pegylated niosomal formulation to MCF-7 breast cancer cells. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 2024; 25: 213.","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-024-02906-7"},{"key":"343890","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[4] Ullah I, Khalil AT, Ali M, Iqbal J, Ali W, Alarifi S, et al. Green-synthesized silver nanoparticles induced apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 breast cancer cells by generating reactive oxygen species and activating caspase 3 and 9 enzyme activities. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020; 2020: 1215395.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1215395"},{"key":"343891","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[5] Taghavinia F, Teymouri F, Farokhrouz F, Bagherabad EH, Farjami S, Karimi E, et al. Nanoliposome-loaded phenolics from Nasturtium officinale improves health parameters in a colorectal cancer mouse model. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12: 3492.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12243492"},{"key":"343892","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[6] Qanash H, Bazaid AS, Aldarhami A, Alharbi B, Almashjary MN, Hazzazi MS, et al. Phytochemical characterization and efficacy of A. judaica extract loaded chitosan nanoparticles as inhibitors of cancer proliferation and microbial growth. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15: 391.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15020391"},{"key":"343893","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[7] Taleghani A, Emami SA, Tayarani-Najaran Z. Artemisia: A promising plant for the treatment of cancer. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28: 115180.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2019.115180"},{"key":"343894","unstructured":"[8] Shahi Malmir H, Kalantar SM, Sasani E, Asgari M, Majdizadeh M, Haghiralsadat BF. [Synthesis and optimization of niosomal carriers containing doxorubicin in order to achieve a final formulation with high potential in cancer cells temperature, and acidity]. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci 2019; 26: 879\u2013894. (in Persian)"},{"key":"343895","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[9] Irawan C, Dwi Putri I, Sukiman M, Utami A, Ismail, Putri RK, et al. Antioxidant activity of DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP methods, as well as activity of alpha-glucosidase inhibiting enzymes from Tinospora crispa (L.) stem ultrasonic extract. Pharmacogn J 2022; 14: 511\u2013520.","DOI":"10.5530\/pj.2022.14.128"},{"key":"343896","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[10] Nafisi Moghadam R, Majdizadeh M, Golbashy M, Haghiralsadat F, Hemati M. Laboratory study: Synthesis and optimization of nano nisomes containing Bunium persicum essential oil and investigating its toxicity on Trichomonas vaginalis parasite and HFF cell line. Heliyon 2024; 10: e35967.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e35967"},{"key":"343897","unstructured":"[11] Parnian F, Hekmati-Moghadam SH, Majdizadeh M, Jebali A, Haghiralsadat BF. [Fabrication of niosomal nano-carriers containing aqueous extract of Hedera helix and comparison of toxicity of free extract and niosome extract on the HT29 colorectal cancer cell line]. J Knowl Health Basic Med Sci 2020; 15: 31\u201345. (In Persian)"},{"key":"343898","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[12] Khan R, Irchhaiya R. An overview on niosomes as efficient drug carriers. Int J Pharm Biosci 2017; 8: 106\u2013116.","DOI":"10.22376\/ijpbs.2017.8.2.p106-116"},{"key":"343899","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[13] Naderinezhad S, Amoabediny G, Haghiralsadat F. Co-delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic anticancer drugs using biocompatible pH-sensitive lipid-based nano-carriers for multidrug-resistant cancers. RSC Adv 2017; 7: 30008\u2013300019.","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA01736G"},{"key":"343900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[14] Somjid S, Krongsuk S, Johns JR. Cholesterol concentration effect on the bilayer properties and phase formation of niosome bilayers: A molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Liq 2018; 256: 591\u2013598.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2018.02.077"},{"key":"343901","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[15] Devaraj GN, Parakh S, Devraj R, Apte S, Rao BR, Rambhau D. Release studies on niosomes containing fatty alcohols as bilayer stabilizers instead of cholesterol. 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Delivery of melittin-loaded niosomes for breast cancer treatment: An in vitro and in vivo evaluation of anti-cancer effect. Research Square 2020. (Preprint)","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-136057\/v1"},{"key":"343908","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[22] Nasirian H, Tarvij Eslami S, Ghourchian H, Ebrahimi M, Piri-Gharaghie T, Ghajari G. Niosomes containing enciprazine hydrochloride have been shown to efficiently inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Adv Cancer Biol Metastasis 2024; 12: 100128.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adcanc.2024.100128"},{"key":"343909","unstructured":"[23] Dawoud A, Abidallah Aljaafreh BS, Elrotob A, Alawadhi SA. Anti-cancer efficacy of niosomal encapsulated Withania somnifera on breast cancer cells: An in vitro study. J Adv Zoolog 2024; 45: 118\u2013129."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM)"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/knepublishing.com\/index.php\/ijrm\/article\/download\/21668\/32380","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/knepublishing.com\/index.php\/ijrm\/article\/download\/21668\/32380","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T12:30:16Z","timestamp":1790598616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/knepublishing.com\/index.php\/ijrm\/article\/view\/21668"},"secondary":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ijrm.ir\/article-1-3556-en.html","label":"UNIVERSITY"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/ijrm.v24i8.21668","relation":{},"ISSN":["2476-3772","2476-4108"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2476-3772","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2476-4108","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]}}}