{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T11:35:36Z","timestamp":1793100936996,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Knowledge E DMCC","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["jmehm"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The 1906 S\u012bst\u0101n bubonic plague was one of the most significant public health crises of the late Q\u0101j\u0101r period. This study examines the role of Jean-\u00c9tienne-Justin Schneider (1854-1917), head of the Central Sanitary Council (Majles-e \u1e24ef\u1e93 al-\u1e62e\u1e25\u1e25a), in implementing quarantine policies and their impact on the institutionalization of modern medicine and the expansion of public health interventions in Iran. For this purpose, a historical-analytical approach was employed to examine resources from the Center for Documents and Diplomatic History of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as well as contemporary sources.\r\nThe outbreak of the bubonic plague in S\u012bst\u0101n and the enforcement of quarantine measures not only had significant health consequences but also heightened concerns among Iranian officials and Russian and British representatives. Within this context, Dr. Schneider played a central role in crisis management and disease control by designing and implementing quarantine protocols and coordinating across institutions in Iran. The challenges encountered in implementing quarantine during the 1906 S\u012bst\u0101n bubonic plague outbreak marked a turning point in Iran\u2019s public health history. This epidemic illustrates the impact of crises on administrative reforms and regional relations<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18502\/jmehm.v19i10.22301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T09:16:26Z","timestamp":1786439786000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quarantine, diplomacy, and epidemics: Jean-\u00c9tienne-Justin Schneider and the Bubonic Plague of S\u012bst\u0101n in 1906"],"prefix":"10.18502","author":[{"given":"Samaneh","family":"Arabian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"Zargaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Sadr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamidreza","family":"Namazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Ayati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7770","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"container-title":["Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/publish.kne-publishing.com\/index.php\/jmehm\/article\/download\/22301\/21235","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/publish.kne-publishing.com\/index.php\/jmehm\/article\/download\/22301\/21235","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T11:12:29Z","timestamp":1793099549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/publish.kne-publishing.com\/index.php\/jmehm\/article\/view\/22301"},"secondary":[{"URL":"https:\/\/jmehm.tums.ac.ir\/index.php\/jmehm\/article\/view\/1701","label":"UNIVERSITY"}]},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/jmehm.v19i10.22301","relation":{},"ISSN":["2008-0387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2008-0387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]}}}