{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:54:09Z","timestamp":1789430049131,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Knowledge E DMCC","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["knepublishing.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JOVR"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic response of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) to intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) with and without concomitant vitamin D supplementation.\r\nMethod: Seventy eyes of 68 patients with macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) received three monthly IVB injections. Patients with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) higher than 30 ng\/ml were considered as the sufficient group. Cases with serum 25(OH) D levels below 30 ng\/ml were randomized into the treatment and control groups. The control group received 50,000 IU of oral vitamin D, weekly for two months. One month after the last IVB injection, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured and compared with the preinjection values.\r\nResults: While 43 eyes (61.4%) of 42 patients had BRVO, 27 eyes (38.6%) of 26 patients had CRVO. In BRVO patients, changes of CMT and BCVA were not significantly different between the sufficient, control, and treatment groups (P = 0.58 and 0.64, respectively). In the CRVO group, CMT reduction in the control group was significantly less than the sufficient and treatment groups (P = 0.048). In addition, improvement of BCVA in the control group was significantly less (P = 0.036) than the sufficient and treatment groups.\r\nConclusion: Oral vitamin D supplement therapy may improve anatomical and functional outcomes in patients with CRVO and vitamin D deficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18502\/jovr.v17i3.11575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T08:00:56Z","timestamp":1660896056000},"page":"376-383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/knecrossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Oral Vitamin D Supplementation and Clinical Outcomes of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection for Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusions"],"prefix":"10.18502","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Saeed","family":"Karimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhad","family":"Parvizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Arabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toktam","family":"Shahraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sare","family":"Safi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7770","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"139734","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oli A, Joshi D. Serum vitamin D levels in Indian patients with retinal venous occlusions. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2017;31:76\u201379.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjopt.2017.03.005"},{"key":"139735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeLuca HF. Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:1689S\u2013 1696S.","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1689S"},{"key":"139736","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weishaar RE, Simpson RU. Vitamin D3 and cardiovascular function in rats. J Clin Invest 1987;79:1706\u20131712.","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113010"},{"key":"139737","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akin F, Ay\u00e7a B, K\u00f6se N, Duran M, Sari M, Uysal OK, et al. Serum vitamin D levels are independently associated with severity of coronary artery disease. J Investig Med 2012;60:869\u2013873.","DOI":"10.2310\/JIM.0b013e31825457cb"},{"key":"139738","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Epstein D, Kvanta A, Lindqvist PG, Vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency in patients with central retinal vein occlusion: A case control study. Curr Eye Res 2017;42:448\u2013451.","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2016.1188117"},{"key":"139739","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Talcott KE, Eliott D. Central retinal vein occlusion associated with severe vitamin D deficiency. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2016;47:372\u2013375.","DOI":"10.3928\/23258160-20160324-13"},{"key":"139740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vatandost S, Jahani M, Afshari A, Amiri MR, Heidarimoghadam R, Mohammadi Y. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Health 2018;24:269\u2013278.","DOI":"10.1177\/0260106018802968"},{"key":"139741","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zittermann A, Schleithoff SS, G\u00f6tting C, Dronow O, Fuchs U, Kuhn J, et al. Poor outcome in end-stage heart failure patients with low circulating calcitriol levels. Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:321\u2013327.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2008.01.013"},{"key":"139742","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li YC. Vitamin D regulation of the renin-angiotensin system. J Cell Biochem 2003;88:327\u2013331.","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10343"},{"key":"139743","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snijder MB, Lips P, Seidell JC, Visser M, Deeg DJ, Dekker JM, et al. Vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone levels in relation to blood pressure: A population-based study in older men and women. J Intern Med 2007;261:558\u2013565.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01778.x"},{"key":"139744","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Hollis BW, Rimm EB. 25- hydroxyvitamin D and risk of myocardial infarction in men: A prospective study. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:1174\u20131180.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.11.1174"},{"key":"139745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Targher G, Bertolini L, Padovani R, Zenari L, Scala L, Cigolini M, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations and carotid artery intima-media thickness among type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Endocrinol 2006;65:593\u2013597.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02633.x"},{"key":"139746","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugden JA, Davies JI, Witham MD, Morris AD, Struthers AD. Vitamin D improves endothelial function in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and low vitamin D levels. Diabet Med 2008;25:320\u2013325.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2007.02360.x"},{"key":"139747","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo BA, Gao F, Qin LL. The association between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutrients 2017;9:307.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030307"},{"key":"139748","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin K, Agrawal DK. Vitamin D and inflammatory diseases. J Inflamm Res 2014;7:69\u201387.","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S63898"},{"key":"139749","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Danik JS, Manson JE. Vitamin d and cardiovascular disease. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 2012;14:414\u2013 424.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11936-012-0183-8"},{"key":"139750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cugati S, Wang JJ, Rochtchina E, Mitchell P. Ten-year incidence of retinal vein occlusion in an older population: The Blue Mountains Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124:726\u2013732.","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.124.5.726"},{"key":"139751","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karia N. Retinal vein occlusion: Pathophysiology and treatment options. Clin Ophthalmol 2010;4:809\u2013816.","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S7631"},{"key":"139752","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoshimura T, Sonoda KH, Sugahara M, Mochizuki Y, Enaida H, Oshima Y, et al. Comprehensive analysis of inflammatory immune mediators in vitreoretinal diseases. PLoS One 2009;4:e8158.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008158"},{"key":"139753","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vieira MJ, Campos A, do Carmo A, Arruda H, Martins J, Sousa JP. Thrombophilic risk factors for retinal vein occlusion. Sci Rep 2019;9:18972.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55456-5"},{"key":"139754","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins D, Meng YX, Tareen N, Artaza J, Lee JE, Farodolu C, et al. The effect of short term vitamin D supplementation on the inflammatory and oxidative mediators of arterial stiffness. 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