{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T07:04:26Z","timestamp":1771225466757,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Knowledge E DMCC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["knepublishing.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JOVR"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To investigate differences in corneal and ocular aberrations between hyperopic, emmetropic, and myopic eyes.\nMethods: This cross-sectional study included 84 eyes from 84 healthy participants (age range 18-35 years), who were equally divided into three refractive error groups of hyperopia, emmetropia, and myopia. Following comprehensive optometric examinations, corneal and ocular aberrations were measured using Pentacam and Zywave imaging systems, respectively. Aberrations were measured for a pupil diameter of 5 mm. Root-mean-square (RMS), Zernike coefficients, and compensation factor (CF) between total ocular and corneal aberrations were calculated for statistical analysis.\nResults: The mean spherical equivalent was +1.96 \u00b1 1.64, \u20130.17 \u00b1 0.19, and \u20132.46 \u00b1 1.56 diopters in hyperopic (H), emmetropic (E), and myopic (M) eyes, respectively. The amount of corneal Zernike coefficients Z4\u20132 in the hyperopic eyes (H: 0.015 \u00b1 0.040) was significantly higher than that of emmetropic eyes (E: \u20130.018 \u00b1 0.054) and myopic eyes (M: \u20130.003 \u00b1 0.038) with a P-value of 0.029. The RMS of corneal total coma (H: 0.228 \u00b1 0.097, E: 0.183 \u00b1 0.086, M: 0.164 \u00b1 0.083, P-value: 0.009, respectively) and RMS of ocular fifth-order (H: 0.045 \u00b1 0.018, E: 0.036 \u00b1 0.020, M: 0.032 \u00b1 0.016, P-value: 0.002) showed a significant difference between refractive error groups, with higher value in hyperopic eyes compared to the two other groups. There was no significant difference in CF for RMS and Zernike coefficients among the refractive error groups.\nConclusion: Hyperopic eyes showed a higher RMS value for ocular fifth-order and corneal coma aberrations compared to the emmetropic and myopic eyes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18502\/jovr.v21.18138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T06:04:14Z","timestamp":1771221854000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/knecrossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Corneal and Ocular Aberrations: A Comparative Study of Hyperopic, Emmetropic, and Myopic Eyes"],"prefix":"10.18502","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4078-4120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Golmakani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3821-3338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Negareh","family":"Yazdani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9681-8231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamshid","family":"Jamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0471-4110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asieh","family":"Ehsaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"7770","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"324464","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. Artal P, Benito A, Tabernero J. The human eye is an example of robust optical design. J Vis 2006;6:1-7.","DOI":"10.1167\/6.1.1"},{"key":"324465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"2. Kligman BE, Baartman BJ, Dupps WJ Jr. Errors in treatment of lower order aberrations and induction of higher order aberrations in laser refractive surgery. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2016;56:19-45.","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0000000000000113"},{"key":"324466","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"3. Lim KL, Fam HB. Ethnic differences in higher-order aberrations: Spherical aberration in the South East Asian Chinese eye. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009;35:2144-2148.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2009.06.031"},{"key":"324467","unstructured":"4. Hashemian SJ, Soleimani M, Foroutan A, Joshaghani M, Ghaempanah MJ, Jafari ME, et al. Ocular higher-order aberrations and mesopic pupil size in individuals screened for refractive surgery. Int J Ophthalmol 2012;5:222-225."},{"key":"324468","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"5. He JC, Sun P, Held R, Thorn F, Sun X, Gwiazda JE. Wavefront aberrations in eyes of emmetropic and moderately myopic school children and young adults. Vision Res 2002;42:1063-1070.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00035-4"},{"key":"324469","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"6. Llorente L, Barbero S, Cano D, Dorronsoro C, Marcos S. Myopic versus hyperopic eyes: Axial length, corneal shape and optical aberrations. J Vis 2004;4:288-298.","DOI":"10.1167\/4.4.5"},{"key":"324470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"7. Zeng J, Lan G, Zhu M, Sun K, Shi Q, Ma G, et al. Factors associated with corneal high-order aberrations before and after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis. Ann Transl Med 2021;9:989.","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-21-2367"},{"key":"324471","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"8. Amano S, Amano Y, Yamagami S, Miyai T, Miyata K, Samejima T, et al. Age-related changes in corneal and ocular higher-order wavefront aberrations. Am J Ophthalmol 2004;137:988-992.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.01.005"},{"key":"324472","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"9. Schallhorn SC, Farjo AA, Huang D, Boxer Wachler BS, Trattler WB, Tanzer DJ, et al.; American Academy of Ophthalmology. Wavefront-guided LASIK for the correction of primary myopia and astigmatism: A report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 2008;115:1249-1261.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2008.04.010"},{"key":"324473","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"10. Hastings GD, Applegate RA, Nguyen LC, Kauffman MJ, Hemmati RT, Marsack JD. Comparison of wavefrontguided and best conventional scleral lenses after habituation in eyes with corneal ectasia. Optom Vis Sci 2019;96:238-247.","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001365"},{"key":"324474","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"11. Altmann GE. Wavefront-customized intraocular lenses. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2004;15:358-364.","DOI":"10.1097\/00055735-200408000-00013"},{"key":"324475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"12. Yazar S, Hewitt AW, Forward H, McKnight CM, Tan A, Mountain JA, et al. Comparison of monochromatic aberrations in young adults with different visual acuity and refractive errors. J Cataract Refract Surg 2014;40:441-449.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2013.07.055"},{"key":"324476","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"13. Carkeet A, Luo HD, Tong L, Saw SM, Tan DT. Refractive error and monochromatic aberrations in Singaporean children. Vision Res 2002;42:1809-1824.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00114-1"},{"key":"324477","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"14. Hughes RP, Read SA, Collins MJ, Vincent SJ. Intraocular composition of higher order aberrations in non-myopic children. Biomed Opt Express 2023;14:1276-1291.","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.483819"},{"key":"324478","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"15. Philip K, Martinez A, Ho A, Conrad F, Ale J, Mitchell P, et al. Total ocular, anterior corneal and lenticular higher order aberrations in hyperopic, myopic and emmetropic eyes. Vision Res 2012;52:31-37.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2011.10.018"},{"key":"324479","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"16. Hartwig A, Atchison DA. Analysis of higher-order aberrations in a large clinical population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53:7862-7870.","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10610"},{"key":"324480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"17. Ma L, Atchison DA, Charman WN. Off-axis refraction and aberrations following conventional laser in situ keratomileusis. J Cataract Refract Surg 2005;31:489-498.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2004.05.059"},{"key":"324481","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"18. Applegate RA, Marsack JD, Ramos R, Sarver EJ. Interaction between aberrations to improve or reduce visual performance. J Cataract Refract Surg 2003;29:1487-1495.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(03)00334-1"},{"key":"324482","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"19. Galvis V, Tello A, Camacho PA, G\u00f3mez LM, Rey JJ, Serrano AA. Definition of refractive errors for research studies: Spherical equivalent could not be enough. J Optom 2021;14:224-225.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2020.10.003"},{"key":"324483","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"20. Wang Y, Zhao K, Jin Y, Niu Y, Zuo T. Changes of higher order aberration with various pupil sizes in the myopic eye. J Refract Surg 2003;19:S270\u2013S274.","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20030302-21"},{"key":"324484","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"21. Dai G. Wavefront optics for vision correction. Washington: SPIE Press; 2008. p. 26.","DOI":"10.1117\/3.769212"},{"key":"324485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"22. Zhang Z, Mu J, Wei J, Geng H, Liu C, Yi W, et al. Correlation between refractive errors and ocular biometric parameters in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol 2023;23:472.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-023-03222-7"},{"key":"324486","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"23. Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Jafarzadehpur E, Yekta A, Emamian MH, Shariati M, et al. Higher order aberrations in a normal adult population. J Curr Ophthalmol 2016;27:115- 124.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joco.2015.11.002"},{"key":"324487","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"24. Salmon TO, van de Pol C. Normal-eye Zernike coefficients and root-mean-square wavefront errors. J Cataract Refract Surg 2006;32:2064-2074.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2006.07.022"},{"key":"324488","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"25. Porter J, Guirao A, Cox IG, Williams DR. Monochromatic aberrations of the human eye in a large population. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2001;18:1793-1803.","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.18.001793"},{"key":"324489","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"26. Cheng X, Bradley A, Hong X, Thibos LN. Relationship between refractive error and monochromatic aberrations of the eye. Optom Vis Sci 2003;80:43-49.","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200301000-00007"},{"key":"324490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"27. Netto MV, Ambr\u00f3sio R Jr, Shen TT, Wilson SE. Wavefront analysis in normal refractive surgery candidates. J Refract Surg 2005;21:332-338.","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20050701-06"},{"key":"324491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"28. Kwan WC, Yip SP, Yap MK. Monochromatic aberrations of the human eye and myopia. Clin Exp Optom 2009;92:304- 312.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2009.00378.x"},{"key":"324492","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"29. Martinez AA, Sankaridurg PR, Naduvilath TJ, Mitchell P. Monochromatic aberrations in hyperopic and emmetropic children. J Vis 2009;9:23.1-14.","DOI":"10.1167\/9.1.23"},{"key":"324493","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"30. Kirwan C, O\u2019Keefe M, Soeldner H. Higher-order aberrations in children. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;141:67-70.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2005.08.031"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/knepublishing.com\/index.php\/JOVR\/article\/download\/18138\/31492","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/knepublishing.com\/index.php\/JOVR\/article\/download\/18138\/31493","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/knepublishing.com\/index.php\/JOVR\/article\/download\/18138\/31492","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T06:07:41Z","timestamp":1771222061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/knepublishing.com\/index.php\/JOVR\/article\/view\/18138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/jovr.v21.18138","relation":{},"ISSN":["2008-322X","2008-2010"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2008-322X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2008-2010","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]]}}}