{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T09:01:25Z","timestamp":1784624485783,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Knowledge E DMCC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["knepublishing.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JOVR"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To compare the effectivity of vision therapy plus patching versus patching combined with placebo therapy in bilateral refractive amblyopia.Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, children with bilateral refractive amblyopia were enrolled. Monocular best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranged from 0.3 logMAR (20\/40) to 0.6 logMAR (20\/80) in both eyes, and visual acuity (VA) difference was less than 0.2 logMAR between the eyes. The experimental group received patching plus in-office vision therapy with Vision Therapy System 4 (VTS4), including accommodation, stereopsis, ocular movements, and visual memory skills, while the control group received patching plus in-office placebo therapy. The primary outcome measure was BCVA, and the secondary outcomes were stereo acuity, and accommodative facility measured pre- and post-therapy.Results: Forty children aged 5 to 8 were included. After 4 months of therapy, the mean VA improvement was 0.23 \u00b1 0.08 logMAR [2.3 line] (P &lt; 0.001) in the experimental group and 0.09 \u00b1 0.06 logMAR [0.09 line] (P &lt; 0.001) in the control group. The difference in VA improvement between the two groups was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.001). Post-therapy, the improvements in Randot stereoacuity and in monocular and binocular accommodative facilities were statistically significant between the experimental and the control groups (P = 0 .013, P = 0.005, P = 0.002, respectively).Conclusion: Administering vision therapy in conjunction with patching significantly improved VA, stereo acuity, and accommodation facility in bilateral refractive amblyopia compared to patching alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.18502\/jovr.v21.18761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T07:49:39Z","timestamp":1784620179000},"page":"1-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/knecrossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of Active Vision Therapy in Children with Bilateral Refractive Amblyopia"],"prefix":"10.18502","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7407-602X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeedeh","family":"Hoseinmenni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6330-4405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Rahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4451-800X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Jafarzadehpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8667-7490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Talebnejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0961-1874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Reza Akbarzade","family":"Baghban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8298-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haleh","family":"Kangari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3442-3179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enayatollah","family":"Osroosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"7770","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"338010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"1. 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